4.
AGRICULTURE
A.
MCQs
1.
Agriculture is which type of activity?
A)
Secondary
B) Tertiary
C) Primary
D) Quaternary
Answer: C) Primary
2.
Which type of farming is also known as slash-and-burn agriculture?
A)
Plantation farming
B) Commercial farming
C) Primitive subsistence farming
D) Intensive farming
Answer: C) Primitive
subsistence farming
3.
Jhumming is mainly practised in which region of India?
A)
Western India
B) Northern India
C) North-Eastern India
D) Southern India
Answer: C)
North-Eastern India
4.
What is shifting cultivation called in Andhra Pradesh?
A)
Khil
B) Podu
C) Kumari
D) Dipa
Answer: B) Podu
5.
Which tool is commonly used in primitive subsistence farming?
A)
Tractor
B) Harvester
C) Hoe
D) Combine machine
Answer: C) Hoe
6.
Intensive subsistence farming is practised in areas of:
A)
Low population density
B) High population pressure on land
C) Desert regions
D) Forest regions
Answer: B) High
population pressure on land
7.
Commercial farming mainly uses:
A)
Primitive tools
B) Family labour only
C) Modern inputs
D) No irrigation
Answer: C) Modern
inputs
8.
Which of the following is a plantation crop?
A)
Wheat
B) Rice
C) Tea
D) Gram
Answer: C) Tea
9.
Plantation agriculture is characterized by:
A)
Mixed crops
B) Single crop on a large area
C) No labour use
D) Small landholding
Answer: B) Single crop
on a large area
10.
India has how many major cropping seasons?
A)
Two
B) Four
C) Three
D) Five
Answer: C) Three
11.
Rabi crops are sown during:
A)
Summer
B) Winter
C) Monsoon
D) Spring
Answer: B) Winter
12.
Which of the following is a rabi crop?
A)
Rice
B) Cotton
C) Gram
D) Jute
Answer: C) Gram
13.
Kharif crops are harvested during:
A)
September–October
B) January–February
C) March–April
D) May–June
Answer: A)
September–October
14.
Which of the following is a kharif crop?
A)
Wheat
B) Mustard
C) Paddy
D) Peas
Answer: C) Paddy
15.
Zaid season falls between:
A)
Kharif and Rabi
B) Winter and Summer
C) Rabi and Kharif
D) Autumn and Winter
Answer: C) Rabi and
Kharif
16.
Which crop is generally grown during the Zaid season?
A)
Wheat
B) Mustard
C) Watermelon
D) Rice
Answer: C) Watermelon
17.
India is the second-largest producer of rice after:
A)
Japan
B) China
C) USA
D) Brazil
Answer: B) China
18.
Rice requires rainfall of:
A)
Less than 50 cm
B) 50–75 cm
C) More than 100 cm
D) 25 cm
Answer: C) More than
100 cm
19.
Wheat is mainly a:
A)
Kharif crop
B) Rabi crop
C) Zaid crop
D) Plantation crop
Answer: B) Rabi crop
20.
Which state is a major producer of wheat?
A)
Kerala
B) Punjab
C) Assam
D) Odisha
Answer: B) Punjab
21.
Which millet is rich in iron and calcium?
A)
Bajra
B) Wheat
C) Rice
D) Ragi
Answer: D) Ragi
22.
Jowar is mainly grown in:
A)
Moist rain-fed areas
B) Desert regions only
C) Snow-covered areas
D) Coastal deltas only
Answer: A) Moist
rain-fed areas
23.
Bajra grows well in:
A)
Deltaic soil
B) Sandy soil
C) Mountain soil
D) Peaty soil
Answer: B) Sandy soil
24.
Maize is used as:
A)
Fibre only
B) Beverage only
C) Food and fodder
D) Oilseed only
Answer: C) Food and
fodder
25.
India is the largest producer of:
A)
Wheat
B) Rice
C) Pulses
D) Cotton
Answer: C) Pulses
26.
Pulses help in:
A)
Soil erosion
B) Nitrogen fixation
C) Water pollution
D) Salinity increase
Answer: B) Nitrogen
fixation
27.
Which is the main source of protein in a vegetarian diet?
A)
Rice
B) Wheat
C) Pulses
D) Sugarcane
Answer: C) Pulses
28.
India is the second-largest producer of sugarcane after:
A)
China
B) Brazil
C) USA
D) Russia
Answer: B) Brazil
29.
Which of the following is an oilseed crop?
A)
Wheat
B) Groundnut
C) Rice
D) Tea
Answer: B) Groundnut
30.
Groundnut is mainly a:
A)
Rabi crop
B) Zaid crop
C) Kharif crop
D) Plantation crop
Answer: C) Kharif crop
31.
Tea cultivation is an example of:
A)
Intensive farming
B) Plantation agriculture
C) Mixed farming
D) Subsistence farming
Answer: B) Plantation
agriculture
32.
Which variety of coffee is famous in India?
A)
Robusta
B) Arabica
C) Liberica
D) Excelsa
Answer: B) Arabica
33.
Rubber requires annual rainfall of:
A)
50 cm
B) 100 cm
C) More than 200 cm
D) 25 cm
Answer: C) More than
200 cm
34.
Rearing of silkworms is called:
A)
Pisciculture
B) Apiculture
C) Sericulture
D) Viticulture
Answer: C) Sericulture
35.
Which crop is known as the Golden Fibre?
A)
Cotton
B) Silk
C) Jute
D) Hemp
Answer: C) Jute
36.
Cotton grows best in:
A)
Black soil
B) Laterite soil
C) Desert soil
D) Mountain soil
Answer: A) Black soil
37.
The Green Revolution was associated with:
A)
Milk production
B) HYV seeds and modern farming
C) Forest conservation
D) Fish production
Answer: B) HYV seeds
and modern farming
38.
Operation Flood is also known as:
A)
Green Revolution
B) Blue Revolution
C) White Revolution
D) Yellow Revolution
Answer: C) White
Revolution
39.
KCC stands for:
A)
Kisan Crop Card
B) Kisan Credit Card
C) Krishi Credit Card
D) Krishak Cash Card
Answer: B) Kisan
Credit Card
40.
The Bhoodan Movement was started by:
A)
Mahatma Gandhi
B) Jawaharlal Nehru
C) Vinoba Bhave
D) Sardar Patel
Answer: C) Vinoba
Bhave
B. Short Answer Questions
1. Why is India called an agriculturally important country?
Answer:
- About two-thirds of the population depends on
agriculture.
- It provides food for the country.
- It supplies raw materials to industries.
- Agricultural products are also exported.
2. What is Primitive Subsistence Farming?
Answer:
- Practised on small patches of land.
- Uses primitive tools like hoe and digging
sticks.
- Depends on monsoon and natural soil fertility.
- Production is mainly for family consumption.
3. Mention four features of shifting cultivation.
Answer:
- Also called slash-and-burn agriculture.
- Forest land is cleared and cultivated.
- Farmers move to a new area after soil
fertility declines.
- Productivity is generally low.
4. What are the characteristics of Intensive Subsistence Farming?
Answer:
- Practised in densely populated regions.
- Labour-intensive farming.
- Uses irrigation and fertilizers.
- High production from small landholdings.
5. State four features of Commercial Farming.
Answer:
- Uses HYV seeds.
- Uses chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
- Employs modern machinery.
- Production is mainly for the market.
6. What is Plantation Agriculture?
Answer:
- A single crop is grown on a large area.
- Requires large capital investment.
- Uses migrant labour.
- Produce is used as industrial raw material.
7. Write four characteristics of Rabi crops.
Answer:
- Sown from October to December.
- Harvested from April to June.
- Need cool weather during growth.
- Examples: wheat, gram and mustard.
8. Write four characteristics of Kharif crops.
Answer:
- Sown with the onset of monsoon.
- Harvested in September–October.
- Require warm and wet conditions.
- Examples: rice, maize and cotton.
9. What are Zaid crops?
Answer:
- Grown during the summer season.
- Cultivated between Rabi and Kharif seasons.
- Require irrigation facilities.
- Examples: watermelon and cucumber.
10. Describe the conditions required for rice cultivation.
Answer:
- Temperature above 25°C.
- High humidity.
- Rainfall above 100 cm.
- Fertile alluvial soil and
irrigation.
11. Mention four important rice-producing states.
Answer:
- West Bengal
- Assam
- Odisha
- Andhra Pradesh
12. Describe the geographical conditions required for wheat cultivation.
Answer:
- Cool growing season.
- Bright sunshine during
ripening.
- Rainfall between 50–75
cm.
- Fertile alluvial soil.
13. Why are millets considered nutritious?
Answer:
- Rich in minerals.
- Contain iron and calcium.
- Good source of roughage.
- Helpful for a balanced
diet.
14. Write four features of maize cultivation.
Answer:
- Used as food and fodder.
- Requires temperature between 21°C–27°C.
- Grows well in old alluvial soil.
- HYV seeds increase production.
15. Why are pulses important?
Answer:
- Major source of protein.
- Improve soil fertility.
- Need less moisture.
- Suitable for dry regions.
16. How do pulses improve soil fertility?
Answer:
- They are leguminous
crops.
- Fix nitrogen from the
atmosphere.
- Increase soil fertility
naturally.
- Reduce dependence on
fertilizers.
17. Mention four geographical conditions required for sugarcane.
Answer:
- Hot and humid climate.
- Temperature of 21°C–27°C.
- Rainfall between 75–100
cm.
- Long growing season.
18. Why is sugarcane important?
Answer:
- Main source of sugar.
- Produces jaggery (gur).
- Produces molasses.
- Supports sugar
industries.
19. What are oilseeds? Give four examples.
Answer:
- Crops used for extracting
oil.
- Groundnut
- Mustard
- Soyabean
- Sunflower
20. Mention four uses of oilseeds.
Answer:
- Cooking oil production.
- Soap manufacturing.
- Cosmetic industry.
- Ointment preparation.
21. Describe the conditions required for tea cultivation.
Answer:
- Warm and moist climate.
- Deep fertile soil.
- Frequent rainfall.
- Skilled and cheap labour.
22. Why is tea cultivation labour-intensive?
Answer:
- Leaves are hand-picked.
- Requires regular pruning.
- Needs continuous care.
- Processing is done immediately after plucking.
23. Write four facts about coffee cultivation in India.
Answer:
- Arabica variety is
famous.
- Introduced from Yemen.
- Grown mainly in
Karnataka.
- Also grown in Kerala and
Tamil Nadu.
24. What is horticulture?
Answer:
- Cultivation of fruits and
vegetables.
- Includes tropical and
temperate fruits.
- Provides employment.
- Supports exports.
25. State four conditions required for rubber cultivation.
Answer:
- Temperature above 25°C.
- Rainfall above 200 cm.
- Humid climate.
- Tropical conditions.
26. Write four features of cotton cultivation.
Answer:
- Grows well in black soil.
- Requires high
temperature.
- Needs bright sunshine.
- Kharif crop.
27. Why is jute called the Golden Fibre?
Answer:
- Has high commercial
value.
- Used in many industries.
- Strong and durable fibre.
- Important export product.
28. Mention four uses of jute.
Answer:
- Gunny bags
- Ropes
- Mats
- Carpets
29. What were the objectives of the Green Revolution?
Answer:
- Increase food grain
production.
- Introduce HYV seeds.
- Expand irrigation
facilities.
- Improve agricultural
productivity.
30. Write four achievements of the Bhoodan Movement.
Answer:
- Started by Vinoba Bhave.
- Encouraged voluntary land donation.
- Helped landless farmers.
- Known as the Bloodless Revolution.
C.
Long Answer Questions
1.
Explain the importance of agriculture in India.
Answer:
·
Agriculture is the primary occupation of a
large section of the population.
·
It provides food for the country's people.
·
It supplies raw materials to many
industries.
·
Agricultural products contribute to exports
and foreign exchange earnings.
·
It supports rural livelihoods and
employment.
·
It plays an important role in economic
development.
2.
Describe the features of Primitive Subsistence Farming.
Answer:
·
Practised on small patches of land.
·
Uses primitive tools like hoe, dao and
digging sticks.
·
Depends mainly on monsoon rainfall.
·
Family or community labour is used.
·
Fertility declines after a few years of
cultivation.
·
Production is mainly for family
consumption.
3.
Explain shifting cultivation in India.
Answer:
·
It is also called slash-and-burn
agriculture.
·
Forest land is cleared by cutting and
burning vegetation.
·
Crops are grown for a few years on the
cleared land.
·
Farmers shift to a new plot when fertility
decreases.
·
It is known by different names in different
states.
·
It is mainly practised in the North-Eastern
region.
4.
Describe the characteristics of Intensive Subsistence Farming.
Answer:
·
Practised in densely populated regions.
·
Small landholdings are cultivated
intensively.
·
Requires large amounts of labour.
·
Uses irrigation and fertilizers
extensively.
·
Produces high yields from limited land.
·
Provides livelihood to a large rural
population.
5.
Explain the features of Commercial Farming.
Answer:
·
Production is mainly for the market.
·
Uses HYV seeds.
·
Employs chemical fertilizers and
pesticides.
·
Relies on modern machinery and technology.
·
Requires higher capital investment.
·
Aims at obtaining maximum productivity.
6.
Describe Plantation Agriculture.
Answer:
·
A single crop is grown on a large area.
·
Requires large capital investment.
·
Uses migrant labourers.
·
Modern scientific methods are adopted.
·
Produce serves as industrial raw material.
·
Tea, coffee, rubber and banana are
important plantation crops.
7.
Explain the cropping pattern in India.
Answer:
·
India has three cropping seasons.
·
Rabi crops are grown in winter.
·
Kharif crops are grown during the monsoon.
·
Zaid crops are grown in summer.
·
Cropping patterns vary according to climate
and soil.
·
Different regions specialise in different
crops.
8.
Describe the characteristics of Rabi crops.
Answer:
·
Sown between October and December.
·
Harvested from April to June.
·
Require cool climatic conditions.
·
Benefit from winter rainfall.
·
Wheat, gram and mustard are major crops.
·
Widely grown in northern India.
9.
Describe the characteristics of Kharif crops.
Answer:
·
Sown with the arrival of monsoon.
·
Harvested during September and October.
·
Require high temperature and humidity.
·
Depend heavily on rainfall.
·
Rice, cotton and maize are important crops.
·
Grown across most parts of India.
10.
Explain the geographical conditions required for rice cultivation.
Answer:
·
Requires temperature above 25°C.
·
Needs high humidity.
·
Annual rainfall should exceed 100 cm.
·
Fertile alluvial soil is suitable.
·
Irrigation is necessary in low rainfall
regions.
·
Abundant water supply is essential.
11.
Describe the importance of rice in India.
Answer:
·
It is the staple food of most Indians.
·
India is the second-largest producer of
rice.
·
It supports millions of farmers.
·
Cultivated in plains, coastal and deltaic
regions.
·
Provides employment in rural areas.
·
Contributes significantly to food security.
12.
Explain the geographical conditions required for wheat cultivation.
Answer:
·
Requires a cool growing season.
·
Bright sunshine is needed during ripening.
·
Rainfall between 50–75 cm is suitable.
·
Well-drained fertile soils are preferred.
·
Moderate temperatures favour growth.
·
Irrigation improves productivity.
13.
Describe the importance of millets.
Answer:
·
Millets are highly nutritious cereals.
·
Rich in iron, calcium and minerals.
·
Suitable for dry and semi-arid regions.
·
Require less water than rice and wheat.
·
Provide food security in drought-prone
areas.
·
Important millets are jowar, bajra and
ragi.
14.
Explain the significance of pulses in Indian agriculture.
Answer:
·
Major source of protein.
·
Improve soil fertility through nitrogen
fixation.
·
Require less moisture.
·
Suitable for dry regions.
·
Often grown in crop rotation.
·
India is the largest producer and consumer
of pulses.
15.
Describe the geographical conditions required for sugarcane cultivation.
Answer:
·
Hot and humid climate is necessary.
·
Temperature should be between 21°C and
27°C.
·
Rainfall of 75–100 cm is suitable.
·
Requires fertile soil.
·
Irrigation is needed in low rainfall areas.
·
Long growing season is essential.
16.
Explain the importance of sugarcane.
Answer:
·
Main source of sugar.
·
Produces gur and khandsari.
·
Used in making molasses.
·
Supports sugar industries.
·
Provides employment to rural people.
·
Contributes to the economy through
agro-industries.
17.
Describe the importance of oilseeds in India.
Answer:
·
Major source of edible oils.
·
Used in cooking.
·
Raw material for soap industries.
·
Used in cosmetics and ointments.
·
Important oilseeds include groundnut and
mustard.
·
Occupy a significant share of cropped area.
18.
Explain the geographical conditions required for tea cultivation.
Answer:
·
Warm and moist climate throughout the year.
·
Deep and fertile soil rich in humus.
·
Well-drained soil is essential.
·
Frequent rainfall promotes growth.
·
Frost-free climate is necessary.
·
Requires abundant skilled labour.
19.
Describe the importance of tea cultivation in India.
Answer:
·
Tea is an important beverage crop.
·
Provides employment to thousands of
workers.
·
Major export commodity.
·
Supports plantation industries.
·
India is among the leading tea producers.
·
Contributes to foreign exchange earnings.
20.
Explain coffee cultivation in India.
Answer:
·
Arabica variety is widely grown.
·
Introduced from Yemen.
·
Mainly cultivated in Karnataka.
·
Also grown in Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
·
Requires suitable hill slopes and climate.
·
Indian coffee is famous worldwide for
quality.
21.
Describe horticulture in India.
Answer:
·
Includes cultivation of fruits and
vegetables.
·
India produces tropical and temperate
fruits.
·
Generates employment opportunities.
·
Supports food processing industries.
·
Contributes to exports.
·
India is a leading producer of fruits and
vegetables.
22.
Explain the geographical conditions required for rubber cultivation.
Answer:
·
Requires temperature above 25°C.
·
Needs rainfall above 200 cm.
·
Warm and humid climate is essential.
·
Thrives in tropical regions.
·
Requires well-drained soil.
·
Long frost-free period is necessary.
23.
Describe the importance of rubber.
Answer:
·
Important industrial raw material.
·
Used in tyre manufacturing.
·
Essential for transport industries.
·
Used in footwear production.
·
Supports many manufacturing units.
·
Generates employment opportunities.
24.
Explain the geographical conditions required for cotton cultivation.
Answer:
·
Grows well in black soil.
·
Requires high temperature.
·
Needs bright sunshine.
·
Light rainfall or irrigation is suitable.
·
Frost-free conditions are necessary.
·
Long growing season is required.
25.
Describe the importance of cotton.
Answer:
·
Raw material for textile industries.
·
Major cash crop of India.
·
Provides employment in farming and
industries.
·
Contributes to exports.
·
Supports textile manufacturing.
·
Widely cultivated in several states.
26.
Explain the geographical conditions required for jute cultivation.
Answer:
·
High temperature is necessary.
·
Requires heavy rainfall.
·
Grows well on fertile floodplain soils.
·
Soil renewal through floods is beneficial.
·
Humid climate favours growth.
·
Abundant water availability is essential.
27.
Describe the uses and importance of jute.
Answer:
·
Known as the Golden Fibre.
·
Used for making gunny bags.
·
Used in ropes and mats.
·
Used in carpets and handicrafts.
·
Eco-friendly and biodegradable.
·
Important export-oriented crop.
28.
Explain the technological and institutional reforms introduced in agriculture.
Answer:
·
Abolition of the zamindari system.
·
Consolidation of fragmented landholdings.
·
Expansion of irrigation facilities.
·
Introduction of HYV seeds and fertilizers.
·
Establishment of cooperative societies and
banks.
·
Implementation of crop insurance schemes.
29.
Discuss the achievements of the Green Revolution.
Answer:
·
Increased food grain production.
·
Introduced HYV seeds.
·
Expanded irrigation facilities.
·
Increased use of fertilizers and machinery.
·
Improved agricultural productivity.
·
Strengthened food security in India.
30.
Explain the Bhoodan–Gramdan Movement.
Answer:
·
Started by Vinoba Bhave.
·
Encouraged voluntary donation of land.
·
Aimed to help landless farmers.
·
Gramdan involved donation of entire
villages.
·
Promoted cooperative farming.
·
Known as the Bloodless Revolution.
D.
Assertion (A) and Reason (R) Questions
Directions: Choose the correct option:
(A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true, but R is false.
(D) A is false, but R is true.
1. Assertion (A): Agriculture is a primary
activity in India.
Reason (R): It provides food and raw materials for industries.
Answer: A
2. Assertion (A): Primitive subsistence farming
depends mainly on modern technology.
Reason (R): It uses tractors and combine harvesters extensively.
Answer: D
3. Assertion (A): Shifting cultivation is also
known as slash-and-burn agriculture.
Reason (R): Forest land is cleared by cutting and burning vegetation.
Answer: A
4. Assertion (A): Intensive subsistence farming
is labour-intensive.
Reason (R): It is practised in areas with high population pressure on
land.
Answer: A
5. Assertion (A): Commercial farming aims at
producing crops for the market.
Reason (R): It uses HYV seeds, fertilizers and pesticides.
Answer: B
6. Assertion (A): Plantation agriculture
involves growing a single crop on a large area.
Reason (R): Plantation crops require large capital investment and
labour.
Answer: B
7. Assertion (A): Wheat is a kharif crop.
Reason (R): It is sown with the onset of monsoon.
Answer: D
8. Assertion (A): Rice is the staple food crop
of a majority of Indians.
Reason (R): Rice requires high temperature and high humidity.
Answer: B
9. Assertion (A): Rabi crops are harvested
during summer.
Reason (R): They are sown during winter.
Answer: A
10. Assertion (A): Kharif crops are grown with
the onset of monsoon.
Reason (R): They require warm and wet conditions for growth.
Answer: A
11. Assertion (A): Pulses help in restoring soil
fertility.
Reason (R): Pulses fix nitrogen from the atmosphere into the soil.
Answer: A
12. Assertion (A): India is the largest producer
and consumer of pulses.
Reason (R): Pulses are the major source of protein in a vegetarian diet.
Answer: B
13. Assertion (A): Sugarcane is both a tropical
and subtropical crop.
Reason (R): It grows well in hot and humid climate.
Answer: A
14. Assertion (A): Tea cultivation is
labour-intensive.
Reason (R): Tea leaves need careful plucking and processing.
Answer: A
15. Assertion (A): Coffee cultivation in India
is mainly confined to Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Reason (R): These regions provide suitable climatic conditions for
coffee growth.
Answer: A
16. Assertion (A): Rubber requires more than 200
cm of rainfall.
Reason (R): Rubber grows best in moist and humid climates.
Answer: A
17. Assertion (A): Cotton grows well in black
soil of the Deccan Plateau.
Reason (R): Cotton requires high temperature and bright sunshine.
Answer: B
18. Assertion (A): Jute is known as the Golden
Fibre.
Reason (R): It is used for making gunny bags, ropes and mats.
Answer: B
19. Assertion (A): The Green Revolution
increased agricultural productivity in India.
Reason (R): It promoted the use of HYV seeds, fertilizers and
irrigation.
Answer: A
20. Assertion (A): The Bhoodan Movement is known
as the Bloodless Revolution.
Reason (R): It encouraged voluntary donation of land to landless
farmers.
Answer: A
**********