1. Resources
and Development
Choose the correct option:
1.
Which of the following methods does
not help in soil conservation?
(a) Contour ploughing (b)
Strip cropping
(c) Creating shelter belts (d)
Ploughing up and down the slopes
2.
Which one of the following is a
renewable resource?
(a) Coal (b) Petroleum (c) Solar energy (d) Fossil fuels
3.
The alluvial soil consists of
(a) sand (b) silt (c) clay (d) all of the above
4.
One of the following which does not
check land degradation-
(a) control on overgrazing (b)
creating shelter belts
(c) deforestation (d)
afforestation
5.
Burial ground is a
(a) community owned resource (b)
national resource
(c) individual resource (d)
international resource
6.
Laterite soil is very useful for
growing:
(a) Rice, wheat and mustard (b)
Tea, coffee and cashewnut
(c) Pulses, sugarcane and resin (d)
None of the above
7.
Black soil is deficient in
(a) Calcium carbonate (b)
Magnesium
(c) Potash (d)
Phosphoric contents
8.
Which of the following soils has
self-aeration capacity?
(a) Alluvial (b) Red soil (c) Black soil (d) Mountain soil
9.
Ploughing along the contour lines to
decelerate the flow of water down the slopes is called:
(a) Strip cropping (b)
Sheet erosion
(c) Contour ploughing (d)
Terrace cultivation
10.
Which of the following is not a
measure for soil conservation?
(a) Strip cropping (b)
Terrace cultivation
(c) Shelter belts (d)
Overdrawing of ground water
11.
Resources which are found in a region
but have not been utilised are called
(a) developed resources (b)
stock
(c) international resources (d)
potential resources
12.
Which one of the following is the
main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
(a) Extensive cultivation (b)
Deforestation
(c) Overgrazing (d)
Over-irrigation
13.
Soil formed by intense leaching is:
(a) alluvial soil (b)
red soil
(c) laterite soil (d)
desert soil
14.
Which cold desert is relatively
isolated from the rest of country?
(a) Leh (b) Kargil (c) Ladakh (d) Dras
15.
Which one of the following is the
main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
(a) Intensive Cultivation (b)
Overgrazing
(c) Deforestation (d)
Over-irrigation
16.
What is the percentage share of
plains in the total land area?
(a) 43% (b) 23% (c) 33% (d) 27%
17.
Which one of the following states
mostly has laterite soil?
(a) Uttar Pradesh (b) Bihar (c) Rajasthan (d) Meghalaya
18.
There is enough for everybody’s need
and not for any body’s greed,’’ who among the following has given the above
statement?
(a) Vinoba Bhave (b)
Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru (d)
Atal Behari Vajpayee
19.
Which one of the following is a Biotic
Resource?
(a) Land (b) Water (c) Human beings (d)
Rocks
20.
Which one of the following is not the
community owned resource?
(a) Grazing grounds (b)
Burial grounds
(c) Village ponds (d)
Privately owned house
21.
In which of the following states is
overgrazing responsible for land degradation?
(a) Jharkhand and Orissa (b)
Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan
(c) Punjab and Haryana (d)
Kerala and Tamil Nadu
22.
How can the resources be classified
on the basis of their origin?
(a) Biotic and Abiotic (b)
Renewable and Non-renewable
(c) Individual and Community (d)
Potential and Reserves
23.
Which one of the following soil is
ideal for growing cotton?
(a) Regur Soil (b)
Laterite Soil
(c) Desert Soil (d)
Mountainous Soil
24.
Which among the following is a type
of resources classified on the basis of exhaustibility?
(a) Biotic and abiotic (b)
Renewable and non-renewable
(c) National and individual (d)
Potential and reserves
25.
What is arrangement of soil in
different layers or horizons known as?
(a) Soil Composition (b)
Soil Erosion
(c) Soil Profile (d)
Soil Texture
Extra MCQs
1. Resources and Development
A. MCQs
Section 1: Understanding and Classification of Resources
1. What are the three essential criteria for something to be termed a 'Resource'?
o a) Naturally available, cheap, and easy to use
o b) Technologically accessible, economically feasible, and culturally acceptable
o c) Abundant, free, and renewable
o d) Found in nature, processed by humans, and sold in markets
2. The process of transformation of things available in our environment involves an interactive relationship between:
o a) Humans, animals, and plants
o b) Government, citizens, and technology
o c) Nature, technology, and institutions
o d) Land, water, and air
3. On the basis of origin, resources are classified as:
o a) Renewable and Non-renewable
o b) Biotic and Abiotic
o c) Individual and Community
o d) Potential and Developed
4. Which of the following is an example of a non-recyclable non-renewable resource?
o a) Iron
o b) Water
o c) Fossil fuels (Once used, they cannot be replaced or recycled)
o d) Solar energy
5. Resources that are found in a region but have not been utilized are called:
o a) Developed resources
o b) Stock
o c) Potential resources
o d) Reserves
6. What is the limit of 'National Resources' in the oceanic area from the coast?
o a) 12 nautical miles (approximately 22.2 km)
o b) 200 nautical miles
o c) 100 nautical miles
o d) 5 nautical miles
7. The materials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy human needs but humans do not have the appropriate technology to access them are called:
o a) Reserves
o b) Potential
o c) Stock
o d) Developed
8. Which of the following is a community-owned resource?
o a) A private farmhouse
o b) Burial grounds (Accessible to all members of the community)
o c) A national park
o d) Individual plots
9. Human beings themselves are essential components of resources because they:
o a) Are part of the biotic world
o b) Consume all other resources
o c) Transform materials into resources
o d) Are born with natural gifts
10. International resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone are regulated by:
o a) The individual country's government
o b) The neighboring countries
o c) International institutions
o d) No one (they are free for all)
Section 2: Development, Planning, and Sustainability
11. Sustainable economic development means:
o a) Development at a very fast pace
o b) Development without damaging the environment (and without compromising future generations)
o c) Using all resources for the present generation
o d) Economic growth without any planning
12. Where was the first International Earth Summit held in June 1992?
o a) New York, USA
o b) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
o c) Kyoto, Japan
o d) New Delhi, India
13. What was the major objective of Agenda 21?
o a) To increase industrial production
o b) To achieve global sustainable development
o c) To colonize new territories
o d) To explore space resources
14. Which state in India is rich in minerals and coal deposits but lacks other resources?
o a) Arunachal Pradesh
o b) Rajasthan
o c) Jharkhand
o d) Punjab
15. The state of Rajasthan is well endowed with:
o a) Water resources
o b) Solar and wind energy
o c) Coal and iron
o d) Forest cover
16. Resource planning in India involves which of the following complex processes?
o a) Identification and inventory of resources
o b) Evolving a planning structure with technology
o c) Matching resource plans with national plans
o d) All of the above
17. According to Gandhiji, what was the root cause for resource depletion at the global level?
o a) Lack of technology
o b) Greed of individuals and exploitative technology
o c) Overpopulation
o d) Natural disasters
18. In which book did Schumacher present Gandhian philosophy in 1974?
o a) Our Common Future
o b) Small is Beautiful
o c) The Wealth of Nations
o d) The Earth Summit
19. The concept of 'Sustainable Development' was first introduced by:
o a) The Club of Rome
o b) The Brundtland Commission Report, 1987
o c) Agenda 21
o d) The Rio Convention
20. Why was the Club of Rome significant in 1968?
o a) It launched the first satellite
o b) It advocated resource conservation systematically for the first time
o c) It discovered new oil reserves
o d) It organized the Earth Summit
Section 3: Land Resources and Degradation
21. What percentage of India's land area is covered by plains?
o a) 30%
o b) 27%
o c) 43%
o d) 50%
22. Which relief feature possesses rich reserves of minerals and fossil fuels?
o a) Mountains
o b) Islands
o c) Plateaus
o d) Plains
23. Land left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural years is called:
o a) Current fallow
o b) Culturable waste land
o c) Barren land
o d) Pasture land
24. The desired forest cover according to the National Forest Policy (1952) is:
o a) 23%
o b) 33%
o d) 43%
o d) 50%
25. The total geographical area of India is:
o a) 2.28 million sq km
o b) 3.28 million sq km
o c) 4.28 million sq km
o d) 5.28 million sq km
26. What is the main cause of land degradation in Jharkhand?
o a) Overgrazing
o b) Over irrigation
o c) Mining
o d) Industrial effluents
27. Over irrigation is responsible for land degradation in Punjab and Haryana due to:
o a) Deforestation
o b) Soil erosion
o c) Water logging leading to salinity
o d) Loss of humus
28. How can land degradation be checked in arid areas?
o a) Over-irrigation
o b) Stabilisation of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes
o c) Intensive cultivation
o d) Mining activities
29. What percentage of our basic needs (food, shelter, clothing) are obtained from land?
o a) 75%
o b) 85%
o c) 95%
o d) 100%
30. Which state has the highest percentage (over 80%) of Net Sown Area?
o a) Arunachal Pradesh
o b) Mizoram
o c) Punjab
o d) Manipur
Section 4: Soil Types and Conservation
31. Which soil is the most widely spread and important soil in India?
o a) Black soil
o b) Alluvial soil
o c) Red soil
o d) Arid soil
32. The new alluvial soil is known as:
o a) Bangar
o b) Khadar
o c) Regur
o d) Kankar
33. Black soil is also known as:
o a) Alluvial soil
o b) Laterite soil
o c) Regur soil
o d) Arid soil
34. Which soil develops a reddish colour due to the diffusion of iron in crystalline rocks?
o a) Black soil
o b) Laterite soil
o c) Red soil
o d) Forest soil
35. The soil that is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rain is:
o a) Arid soil
o b) Black soil
o c) Laterite soil
o d) Alluvial soil
36. Which soil is ideal for growing cashew nuts?
o a) Black soil
o b) Red laterite soil
o c) Arid soil
o d) Alluvial soil
37. The process of washing down of the topsoil is called:
o a) Soil formation
o b) Sheet erosion (when the entire top layer is washed away)
o c) Soil conservation
o d) Weathering
38. In the Chambal basin, bad lands fit for nothing but erosion are called:
o a) Gullies
o b) Ravines
o c) Sheets
o d) Terraces
39. Ploughing along the contour lines to decelerate water flow is called:
o a) Terrace farming
o b) Contour ploughing
o c) Strip cropping
o d) Shelter belts
40. Laterite soil is very useful for growing tea and coffee in which states?
o a) Punjab and Haryana
o b) Rajasthan and Gujarat
o c) Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu
o d) Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
2016
Short Answer Type Question [3 Marks]
Also Check:- Class 10
Geography Chapter 1 Extra Questions
Question 1.
Examine the
three major problems created as a result of indiscriminate utilization
of natural resources.
Answer:
The following
are the three major problems created as a result of indiscriminate utilization
of natural resources.
·
Depletion of resources at a faster rate.
·
Accumulation of resources in the hands of few creating a wide gap
between the haves (rich) and have nots (poor).
·
Increase in global crises like ozone layer depletion, global warming,
pollution
and land degradation.
2015
Short Answer Type Question [3 Marks]
Question 2.
Mention any three features of arid soil.
Answer:
The following are the three features of arid soils.
·
The colour of the arid soil ranges from red to brown.
·
Arid soils are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature.
·
The soils lack humus and moisture because of dry climate, high temperature
and fast evaporation.
·
The lower parts of the soils are occupied by kankar because of high
calcium content. It restricts the infiltration of water in lower layers.(Any Three)
Long Answer Type Question [5 Marks]
Question 3.
What is regur soil? Write its two features. Mention two regions where they are
found.
Answer:
Regur soil is the other name of black soil. The following are the two
features of regur soil.
·
The regur soils are made up of clayey material. They can hold moisture and
are rich in soil nutrients such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and
lime.
·
They develop deep cracks during hot weather. When the soils are wet, they
are very sticky and difficult to work on unless tilled immediately.
·
The regur soils are found in the Deccan trap region, which is spread over
north-west Deccan plateau. There soils are also found in the plateaus of
Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and along the Godavari
and Krishna Valleys.
2014
Short Answer Type Questions [3 Marks]
Question 4.
“Indiscriminate use of natural resources has led to numerous problems.” Justify
the statement.
Answer:
Indiscriminate use of natural resources has led to numerous problems. The
following points justify the statement.
·
Human activities, like cutting and felling of trees, and lopping of trees,
have led to destruction of forests. Such losses have increasingly marginalised
and impoverished many communities, who depend upon forests for food medicine,
etc.
·
Some human activities, such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining and
quarrying, have contributed to land degradation.
·
Water resources have been polluted by domestic and industrial wastes,
chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture, thus making it unfit
for human and as well as animals’ consumption.
Question 5.
How can you contribute to minimize the pollution? Explain.
Answer:
We can contribute to minimizing pollution by
·
creating awareness about not burning fallen leaves or garbage in the parks
or on the roads.
·
requesting our parents and the people in the neighbourhood not to
dump garbage in the ponds, rivers and other water bodies, especially, while
performing rituals.
·
not polluting the water storage tanks at home
Question 6.
“Land is a natural resource of utmost importance.” Justify the statement with
appropriate arguments.
Answer:
Land is a natural resource of utmost importance. It supports natural
vegetation, wildlife, human life and economic activities like agriculture,
mining, transport and communication system. 95 per cent of our basic needs for
food, shelter and clothing are obtained from land. Therefore, it is very
important to use the available land for various purposes with careful planning,
otherwise we will be responsible for the adverse consequences.
Question 7.
Name the soil type which is widely found in western Rajasthan. Explain two
important characteristics of this type of soil type which make it unsuitable
for cultivation.
Answer:
Arid soil is largely found in Western Rajasthan. The following are the two
characteristics which make it unsuitable for cultivation.
·
Arid soil is generally sandy in texture and saline in nature. The
lower layers are occupied by Kankar. It restricts the filtration of water.
·
Due to dry climate and high temperature, evaporation is faster and the soil
lacks humus and moisture
Question 8.
Mention any three features of arid soil.
Answer:
The colour of the arid soil ranges from red to brown.
·
Arid soils are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature.
·
The soils lack humus and moisture because of dry climate, high temperature
and fast evaporation.
Question 9.
“In India, some regions are rich in certain types of resources but deficient in
some other resources.” Do you agree with the statement? Support your answer
with three examples.
Answer:
India is a vast country. It has fertile plains and high mountains, which are a
source of perennial rivers.
It also has plateaus, which are a rich source of minerals, fossil fuels and
forests. However some regions are rich in certain types of resources and deficient
in others, like the following.
·
The cold desert of ladakh has very rich cultural heritage but it is
deficient in water, infrastructure and some vital minerals.
·
Arunachal Pradesh has abundant water resources but lacks in infrastructure
development, as it is a mountainous state.
·
The state of Rajasthan is well endowed with wind and solar energy but
lacks
2013
Short Answer Type Questions [3 Marks]
Question 11.
“33 per cent area should be under forests.” Justify the statement highlighting
the environmental values of forests.
Answer:
According to the international norms, the forest cover in a country should be
33 per cent of the total geographical area. However the forest cover in India
is estimated at 637,293 sq. km, which is 19.39 per cent of the total geographical
area.
·
The following points sum up of the environmental values of forests.
If a country does not have 33 per cent geographical area under forest it may
lead to poor quality of support system— water, air and soil.
·
Forests preserve the genetic diversity of plants and animals.
·
The forest ecosystem is the storehouse of valuable forest products,
minerals and other resources.
Question 12.
Name the soil type which is widely found in western Rajasthan. Explain two
important characteristics of this type of soil which make it unsuitable for
cultivation.
Answer:
Arid soil is largely found in Western Rajasthan. The following are the two
characteristics which make it unsuitable for cultivation.
·
Arid soil is generally sandy in texture and saline in nature. The lower
layers are occupied by Kankar. It restricts the filtration of water.
·
Due to dry climate and high temperature, evaporation is faster and the soil
lacks humus and moisture.
2012
Short Answer Type Questions [3 Marks]
Question 13.
Mention any two human activities which are responsible for the process of soil
erosion. Explain the two types of soil erosion mostly observed in India.
Answer:
Two human activities which are responsible for the process of soil erosion are
deforestation, overgrazing, construction and mining. (any two)
The following are the two types of soil erosion mostly observed in India.
·
Sheet erosion: It is the result of excessive flowing of water resulting in the
removal of the topmost layer of soil.
·
It is the result of accumulation of runoff water which then rapidly flows
into narrow channels during or after heavy rainfall or melting of show,
considerably removing the soil cover.
Question 14.
Describe any three measures of controlling land degradation.
Answer:
Measures to solve the problem of land degradation in India are as follows.
·
Afforestation and proper management grazing lands
·
Planting of shelter belts for stabilizing sand dunes
·
Proper management of wastelands
·
Control on mining activities
·
Proper discharge of industrial effluents and wastes after treatment
·
Adopting effective ploughing techniques
Question 15.
“Indiscriminate use of resources has led to numerous problems.” Justify the
statement.
Answer:
Indiscriminate use of natural resources has led to numerous problems. The
following points justify the statement.
·
Human activities, like cutting and felling of trees, and lopping of
trees, have led to destruction of forests. Such losses have increasingly
marginalised and impoverished many communities, who depend upon forests for
food medicine, etc.
·
Some human activities, such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining and
quarrying, have contributed to land degradation.
·
Water resources have been polluted by domestic and industrial wastes,
chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture, thus making it unfit
for human and as well as animals’ consumption.
Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks]
Question 16.
Mention three physical factors as well as three human factors which determine
the use of land in India.
Answer:
Three physical factors determining the use of land in India are the
following,
1. topography
2. climate
3. soil type
Three human factors determining the land use in India are:
1. population
density.
2. technological
capability.
3. culture and
traditions.
Question 17.
Suggest any six measures to solve the problem of land degradation in India.
Answer:
Measures to solve the problem of land degradation in India are as follows.
·
Afforestation and proper management grazing lands
·
Planting of shelter belts for stabilizing sand dunes
·
Proper management of wastelands
·
Control on mining activities
·
Proper discharge of industrial effluents and wastes after treatment
·
Adopting effective ploughing techniques
Question 18.
“Indiscriminate use of resources has led to numerous problems.” Justify the
statement.
Answer:
Indiscriminate use of natural resources has led to numerous problems. The
following points justify the statement.
·
Human activities, like cutting and felling of trees, and lopping of trees,
have led to destruction of forests. Such losses have increasingly marginalised
and impoverished many communities, who depend upon forests for food medicine,
etc.
·
Some human activities, such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining and
quarrying, have contributed to land degradation.
·
Water resources have been polluted by domestic and industrial wastes,
chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture, thus making it unfit
for human and as well as animals’ consumption.
Question 19.
Explain the types of resources on the basis of exhaustibility.
Answer:
On the basis of exhaustibility, the resources can be classified into the
following two categories.
1. Renewable
resources: These
are the resources that can be reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical
processes. For example, solar, tidal and wind energy.
2. Non-renewable
resources: These
resources occur over a very long geological time, taking millions of years in
their formation. They get exhausted with their use. For example, minerals,
coal, etc.
Question 20.
Explain the importance of conservation of resources.
Answer:
Resources are essential for all kinds of developmental activities. But
indiscriminate use of resources and overuse of resources may lead to
socio-economic and environmental problems. To overcome these problems, resource
conservation at various levels is important.
For example, Gandhiji rightly said, “There is enough for everybody’s need and
not for anybody’s greed”.
For the first time, conservation of resources had been advocated by the Club of
Rome at the international level in a more systematic way in 1968. Another
significant contribution was made at the Earth Summit at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
in 1992.
Question 21.
21. Explain the role of humans in resource development.
Answer:
The process of transformation of things into resource involves an
inter-dependent relationship between nature, technology and institutions.
Human beings interact with nature through technology and create institutions to
accelerate the pace of economic development. Human beings are essential
components of resources as they transform materials in the environment into
resources and use them.
Question 22.
Distinguish between national and international resources by giving three
points.
Answer:
The following are the differences between national and international
resources.
2010
Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark]
Question 23.
What is bangar?
Answer:
According to its age, alluvial soil is classified as khadar (new alluvial) and
bangar
(old alluvium). Bangar has high concentration of hanker nodules.
Question 24.
What is the most widely spread and important soil in India?
Answer:
Alluvial soil is the most widely spread and important soil in India.
Question 25.
Classify resources into two groups on the basis of their origin.
Answer:
On the basis of their origin, resources can be classified as biotic and
abiotic.
Question 26.
Classify resources into two groups on the basis of their exhaustibility
Answer:
On the basis of exhaustibility, resources can be classified as renewable and
non-renewable.
Question 27.
Give two examples of biotic resources.
Answer:
Flora, fauna, fisheries and livestock are examples of biotic resources, (any
two)
Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks]
Question 28.
What are the reasons for land degradation? Describe briefly any four measures
to conserve land from degradation.
Answer:
At present there are about 130 million hectares of degraded land in India.
It has mainly been due to the following reasons.
·
Human activities like deforestation, mining, quarrying, overgrazing are mainly
responsible for land degradation.
·
In states like Chhatisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha deforestation due to
mining has caused severe degradation. In Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and
Maharashtra, overgrazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation.
·
Industrial effluents have become a major source of land and water
degradation in many parts of the country.
·
Over-irrigation in the states of Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar
Pradesh, has led to waterlogging and increased alkalinity and salinity in the
soil.
The following are the four measures to conserve land from degradation.
·
Afforestation and management of grazing can solve the problem to some
extent.
·
Planting of shelter belts of trees and growing of thorny bushes can
stabilize sand dunes and check land degradation.
·
Control over mining activities can also contribute to it.
·
Proper discharge of industrial effluents can be done by grinding,
sedimentation and flocculation.
Short Answer Type Question [3 Marks]
Question 29.
Give the importance of soil. Explain three factors responsible for soil
formation.
Answer:
Soil is the most important renewable natural resource. Plants grow in the soil.
It also supports different types of living organisms on earth.
The three factors responsible for soil formation are as follows.
1. Relief, parent
rock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time are important
factors in the formation of soil.
2. Forces of
nature like running water, wind, glaciers, temperature and decomposers help in
the formation of soil.
3. Chemical and
organic (humus) changes are also important factors in the formation of soil.
*********
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