CHAPTER-02: SOCIALISM IN EUROPE AND RUSSIAN
REVOLUTION
A. Multiple Choice
Questions (MCQs)
1)
Which among the following groups
was against any kind of political or social change?
(a)
Nationalists (b) conservatives (c) liberals (d) radicals
2) The people who wanted to put an immediate end to the existing governments in Europe(In 1815) were called:
(a)
Nationalists (b)
liberals (c) revolutionaries
(d) radicals
3) Which of these statements is/are correct about Europe after the French Revolution?
(a) Suddenly it seemed possible to change the aristocratic society of the 18th century.
(b) However not everyone wanted a complete transformation of society.
(c) Some wanted gradual shift, while others wanted complete change of society.
(d) All the above
4) The majority religion of Russia was ___________ but the empire also included _________
(a) Russian Orthodox Church, grown out of Greek Orthodox Church
(b) Russian Orthodox Church
(c) Catholics, Protestants, Muslims and Buddhists
(d) Both (b) and (c)
5) Which of the following factors made autocracy unpopular in Russia?
(a) The German origin of the Tsarina Alexandra
(b) Poor advisors like the Monk Rasputin
(c) The huge cost of fighting in the World War I
(d) Both (a) and (b)
6) Which of the following statements is incorrect about the Socialists till 1914?
(a) They helped various associations to win seats in the parliaments in Europe
(b) Socialists, supported by strong figures in parliamentary politics, shaped and influenced legislation
(c) They succeeded in forming a government in Europe
(d) Governments continued to be run by conservatives, liberals and radicals
7) How can you say that the ‘liberals’ were not ‘democrats’?
(a) They did not believe in universal adult franchise
(b) They felt that only men of property should have a right to vote
(c) Women should not have right to vote
(d) All the above
8) Which of the following statements is not correct about the ‘radicals’?
(a) They supported women’s right to vote
(b) They opposed the privileges of great landowners
(c) They were completely against the existence of private property
(d) They wanted a government based on the majority of a country’s population
9) What kind of developments took place as a result of new political trends in Europe?
(a) Industrial Revolution occurred (c) Railways expanded
(b) New cities came up (d) All the above
10) By the
mid-19th century in Europe, the idea which attracted widespread attention on
the restructuring of society was
(a) Capitalism (b) Socialism (c) Dictatorship (d) None of the above
11) Who conspired
in Italy to bring about a revolution?
(a) Bismarck (b) Karl Marx (c) Giuseppe Mazzini (d) None
12) When was the
Socialist Revolutionary Party formed in Russia?
(a) 1898 (b) 1900 (c) 1905 (d) 1910
13) What were the
demands made by the workers in St. Petersburg who went on a strike?
(a)
Reduction of working time to eight hours (c) Increase in wages
(b)
Improvement in working conditions (d) All the above
14) Why did the
Tsar dismiss the first Duma within 75 days of its election?
(a)
Because it was incapable of taking good decisions
(b) Because the Tsar
did not want anyone to question his authority
(c)
The term of first Duma was of 75 days only
(d)
None of the above
15) In the World
War I, which started in 1914, Russia fought against
(a)
Britain and France (c)
America
(b)
Germany and Austria (d)
All the above
16) What was the
position of Russia’s army in Germany and Austria between 1914 and 1916?
(a)
Russian army brought a lot of destruction in Germany and
Austria.
(b)
It killed a large member of people and was victorious
(c) Russian army lost badly
(d)
None of the above
17) Which of the
following statements is/are correct?
(a)
By 1916, railway lines in Russia
began to break down
(b)
There were labour shortages and
small workshops producing essentials were shut down
(c)
Large supplies of grain were sent
to feed the army
(d)
All the above
18) Why did a
lockout take place at a factory on the right bank of the River Neva on22
February, 1917?
(a)
It was extremely cold for the
workers to work, because of frost and heavy snow
(b)
The workers were being forced to
join the army
(c)
Food shortages were deeply felt in
the workers’ quarters situated on the left bank of the River Neva
(d)
Both (a) and (c)-
19) On 27th
February 1917, soldiers and striking workers gathered to form a council called
(a)
Soviet Council (b) Petrograd Soviet (c) Moscow
Union (d) Russian Council
20) When did the
Tsar abdicate the throne?
(a)
28 February, 1917 (b) 2 March, 1917 (c) 10 April,
1917 (d) 15 May, 1918
21) Which of
these demands is/are referred to as Lenin’s 'April Theses'?
a)
World War I should be brought to an end
b)
Land should be transferred to the peasants
c)
Banks should be nationalised
d)
All the above
22) Why was most
of the Bolshevik Party members initially surprised by ‘April Theses’?
(a)
They wanted continuation of World War I
(b) They thought that
time was not ripe for a socialist revolution
(c)
Government needed to be supported at this time
(d) All the above
23) Who led the
Bolshevik group in Russia during Russian Revolution?
(a)
Karl Marx (b)
Friedrich Engels (c) Vladimir
Lenin (d) Trotsky
24) Who started
‘Collectivisation Programme’ in Russia?
(a)
Lenin (b)
Karl Marx (c) Rasputin (d)
Stalin
25)
Socialists took over the
government in Russia through the?
(a)
October Revolution in 1917 (c)
December Revolution in 1919
(b)
November Revolution in 1918 (d) February Revolution in 1920
26) After 1905,
most committees and trade unions were:
(a)
Declared illegal (b) declared legal (c) active (d)
none of the above
27) At the beginning of the 20th century, the
majority of Russian people worked in the:
(a)
Industrial sector (c)
Mining sector
(b)
Agricultural sector (d)
Transport sector
28)
In the Russian Civil War the
Bolsheviks and the socialist revolutionaries were represented by which of the
following colours?
(a)
Whites and Reds (c)
Reds and Greens
(b)
Greens and Whites (d)
None of these
29)
The commune of farmers was known
as:
(a)
Tsar (b) Duma (c) Mir (d) Cossacks
30) Who led the
procession of workers to the event ‘Bloody Sunday’ in Russia?
(a) Lenin (b) Stalin (c)
Kerenski (d) Father Gapon
B. Very Short Answer
Type Questions.
1. Who wanted to
safeguard the rights of the individuals against the governments?
2. Who were the
Jadidists?
3. Which countries were
known as the Allies?
4. Which Party became
the Russian Communist Party after the 1917 revolution?
5. Write the full form
of SPD?
6. Who was Czar?
7. In which year did the
events of Bloody Sunday occur?
8. What do you mean by
Bloody Sunday?
9. Who ruled over Russia
in 1914?
10. Who wanted the French
government to encourage Cooperative and replace capitalist Enterprises?
11. What was the new
harmony?
12. What is socialism?
13. What were the two
important effects of the Russian Revolution?
14. When was the
communist Manifesto published?
15. State the major
difference between the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks.
16. What was the
communist International?
17. What was immediate
cause of the Russian Revolution?
18. What is the other
name of Russian Revolution?
19. Why was Czar Nicholas
II unpopular? Give two reasons.
20. What was the Russian
Parliament called?
21. What was the Russian
Revolution?
22. Who were the Mensheviks?
23. Who was the leader of
the Mensheviks?
24. Who introduced to
collectivisation of farms in Russia?
C. Short Answer Type
Questions
1. Describe the political
conditions in Russia prior to October revolution of 1917.
2. What led to the
outbreak of the revolution of 1905?
3. How did the Bolshevik
party contribute to the Russian revolution of October 1917?
4. Describe the main objectives
of the Russian Revolution.
5. What is the condition
of the Russian workers in the 19th century?
6. Describe any three
agricultural changes that were introduced in Soviet Union after the first world
war.
7. What were the main
difference between the conservatives and the radicals?
8. What were the main
difference between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks?
9. What were the
international consequence of the Russian Revolution?
10. Explain the Lenin’s
April Theses.
11. Explain the features
of Stalin's collectivisation programme.
12. Describe the events
leading after February revolution of 1917.
13. The 1905 Revolution
proved to be a dress rehearsal of the revolution that came in 1917”. How?
14. Discuss the Steps
taken by the Bolshevik government established the socialist society.
15. Write a brief note on
the October revolution of 1917.
16. Why did Russia
leave the world war after the 1917 revolution?
D. Long Answer Type
Questions
1. Explain the social
causes of the Russian Revolution.
2. How did Marx and
other social thinkers influence the Russian Revolution?
3. Give an account of
the 1905 Revolution.
4. What was the impact
of the Russian revolution of 1917 on the world?
5. List any five effects
of the Russian Revolution on Russia.
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