1.
DEVELOPMENT
QUESTION BANK
✅ 40 MCQs (Answers in Bold)
1.
Development of a country is
determined by:
(a) Income
(b) Education
(c) Health
(d) All of these
2.
Per capita income is:
(a) Total income
(b) Income of richest person
(c) Average income per
person
(d) National income
3.
Which organization publishes World
Development Report?
(a) UNDP
(b) IMF
(c) World Bank
(d) WHO
4.
Countries are classified by World
Bank based on:
(a) Literacy
(b) Health
(c) Population
(d) Per capita income
5.
Human Development Report is published
by:
(a) World Bank
(b) IMF
(c) UNDP
(d) WTO
6.
HDI stands for:
(a) Human Development Index
(b) Human Development
Index
(c) High Development Index
(d) Human Data Index
7.
Which is NOT a component of HDI?
(a) Income
(b) Education
(c) Health
(d) Religion
8.
Which country has better HDI than
India?
(a) Nepal
(b) Pakistan
(c) Sri Lanka
(d) Afghanistan
9.
Average income helps to:
(a) Show inequality
(b) Compare countries
(c) Show poverty
(d) Show population
10.
Main limitation of average income
is:
(a) Difficult to calculate
(b) Hides inequalities
(c) Not useful
(d) Shows population
11.
Public facilities include:
(a) Cars
(b) Private hospitals
(c) Schools and
hospitals
(d) Houses
12.
Which is a public facility?
(a) Mobile phone
(b) Car
(c) Electricity supply
(d) TV
13.
Infant Mortality Rate means:
(a) Death of adults
(b) Death of women
(c) Death of children
below 1 year
(d) Death of old people
14.
Literacy rate means:
(a) Total population
(b) Educated people
(c) Percentage of
literate people
(d) School buildings
15.
Sustainable development means:
(a) Fast development
(b) No development
(c) Development
without harming future needs
(d) Industrial growth
16.
Groundwater is:
(a) Non-renewable
(b) Renewable resource
(c) Man-made
(d) Exhaustible
17.
Example of non-renewable resource:
(a) Sunlight
(b) Wind
(c) Coal
(d) Water
18.
Non-renewable resources:
(a) Increase
(b) Get exhausted
(c) Are unlimited
(d) Are free
19.
Renewable resources:
(a) Finish quickly
(b) Cannot be reused
(c) Can be replenished
(d) Are artificial
20.
Overuse of groundwater leads to:
(a) Flood
(b) Rain
(c) Depletion
(d) Increase
21.
Which is an example of environmental
degradation?
(a) Education
(b) Pollution
(c) Employment
(d) Income
22.
Environmental issues are:
(a) Local only
(b) National only
(c) Global
(d) Personal
23.
Development includes:
(a) Income
(b) Freedom
(c) Equality
(d) All of these
24.
Higher income always means:
(a) Better life
(b) Not necessarily
better life
(c) No development
(d) Poverty
25.
BMI is used to measure:
(a) Income
(b) Education
(c) Health status
(d) Population
26.
Low BMI indicates:
(a) Richness
(b) Undernourishment
(c) Literacy
(d) Employment
27.
Which state has better human
development?
(a) Bihar
(b) UP
(c) Kerala
(d) MP
28.
Kerala performs better due to:
(a) High income
(b) Better health and
education
(c) Industry
(d) Population
29.
Main goal of development is:
(a) Only money
(b) Better quality of
life
(c) Population growth
(d) Trade
30.
People have different development
goals because:
(a) Same thinking
(b) Same income
(c) Different needs
(d) Same job
31.
Conflict may arise due to:
(a) Same goals
(b) Different goals
(c) Education
(d) Health
32.
Example of conflicting goal:
(a) Education
(b) Job
(c) Industrial
development vs environment
(d) Health
33.
Which is NOT a development
indicator?
(a) Income
(b) Health
(c) Education
(d) Religion
34.
Life expectancy measures:
(a) Income
(b) Average life span
(c) Literacy
(d) Employment
35.
World Bank classification is:
(a) Perfect
(b) Limited
(c) Wrong
(d) Useless
36.
UNDP focuses on:
(a) Income only
(b) Overall human
development
(c) Population
(d) Trade
37.
Main problem with non-renewable
resources:
(a) Cheap
(b) Available
(c) Exhaustible
(d) Renewable
38.
Future generations need:
(a) No resources
(b) Less resources
(c) Equal opportunity
(d) More population
39.
Sustainability requires:
(a) Overuse
(b) Waste
(c) Balanced use of
resources
(d) No use
40.
Development should be:
(a) Short-term
(b) Fast
(c) Sustainable and
inclusive
(d) Industrial only
✅ 20 Short Answer
Questions with Answers
1. What is development?
Answer:
- Development means improvement in quality of
life
- Includes income, health, education
- Different people have different goals
- It is a continuous process
2. What are the main
developmental goals of people?
Answer:
- Better income and employment
- Equal treatment and freedom
- Security and respect
- Good health and education
3. Why do different people
have different development goals?
Answer:
- People have different needs
- Economic conditions vary
- Social and cultural differences
- Personal priorities differ
4. What is per capita income?
Answer:
- Average income per person
- Calculated by dividing total income by
population
- Used to compare countries
- Simple indicator of development
5. What are the limitations of
per capita income?
Answer:
- Does not show income inequality
- Ignores health and education
- Does not reflect quality of life
- May give misleading picture
6. What is Human Development
Index (HDI)?
Answer:
- Measure of overall development
- Includes health, education, income
- Published by UNDP
- Gives better comparison than income alone
7. What are public facilities?
Give examples.
Answer:
- Services provided by government
- Available to all citizens
- Examples: schools, hospitals, roads
- Improve quality of life
8. Why are public facilities
important?
Answer:
- Ensure basic needs are met
- Reduce inequality
- Improve living standards
- Benefit entire society
9. What is Infant Mortality
Rate (IMR)?
Answer:
- Number of children dying before age one
- Indicator of health conditions
- Lower IMR means better healthcare
- Used to measure development
10. What is literacy rate?
Answer:
- Percentage of literate population
- Indicator of education level
- Higher literacy shows development
- Helps in better employment
11. What is sustainable
development?
Answer:
- Development without harming future generations
- Balanced use of resources
- Protects environment
- Ensures long-term growth
12. Why is sustainability
important?
Answer:
- Prevents resource depletion
- Protects environment
- Ensures future availability
- Maintains ecological balance
13. What are renewable
resources?
Answer:
- Resources replenished by nature
- Can be used repeatedly
- Examples: water, forests
- May get depleted if overused
14. What are non-renewable
resources?
Answer:
- Limited stock resources
- Cannot be replenished quickly
- Examples: coal, petroleum
- Will exhaust after use
15. What is environmental
degradation?
Answer:
- Damage to environment
- Caused by human activities
- Includes pollution and deforestation
- Affects all living beings
16. Why are environmental
problems global?
Answer:
- Do not follow boundaries
- Affect all countries
- Shared resources like air and water
- Need global cooperation
17. How does income inequality
affect development?
Answer:
- Benefits not equally distributed
- Rich become richer
- Poor remain deprived
- Slows overall development
18. Why is average income not
a complete indicator?
Answer:
- Hides inequalities
- Ignores non-income factors
- Does not show distribution
- Misleading in some cases
19. What are basic
requirements for development?
Answer:
- Food, clothing, shelter
- Education and healthcare
- Employment opportunities
- Clean environment
20. Explain the importance of
education in development.
Answer:
- Improves skills and knowledge
- Increases job opportunities
- Raises income level
- Promotes social awareness
✅ 20 Long Answer
Questions with Answers
1. What is development?
Explain its main features.
Answer:
- Development means improvement in quality of
life
- It includes income, health, and education
- Different people have different goals
- It involves freedom, equality, and security
- It is a continuous process
- Not only economic but also social progress
2. Explain why different
people have different developmental goals.
Answer:
- People have different needs and desires
- Economic conditions vary among individuals
- Social and cultural backgrounds differ
- Some prefer income, others prefer job
security or respect
- Goals may conflict with each other
- Development is subjective (person-specific)
3. Explain the limitations of
per capita income as an indicator of development.
Answer:
- Does not show income inequality
- Ignores health and education
- Does not reflect quality of life
- Average may hide extreme differences
- Does not include environmental factors
- Cannot measure overall well-being
4. What is Human Development
Index (HDI)? Explain its components.
Answer:
- HDI measures overall development of a
country
- Prepared by UNDP
- Includes three components:
- Health (life expectancy)
- Education (literacy, schooling)
- Income (per capita income)
- Provides better comparison than income
alone
- Reflects quality of life
5. Compare the approach of
World Bank and UNDP in measuring development.
Answer:
- World Bank uses per capita income only
- UNDP uses HDI (health, education, income)
- World Bank gives narrow view
- UNDP gives comprehensive view
- UNDP focuses on human welfare
- World Bank ignores social indicators
6. Explain the importance of
public facilities in development.
Answer:
- Provide basic services to all citizens
- Include schools, hospitals, roads, water
- Reduce inequality in society
- Improve standard of living
- Essential for human development
- Help even those who cannot afford private
services
7. What is sustainable
development? Why is it important?
Answer:
- Development without harming future
generations
- Ensures balanced use of resources
- Prevents resource depletion
- Protects environment
- Maintains ecological balance
- Essential for long-term growth
8. Distinguish between
renewable and non-renewable resources.
Answer:
- Renewable resources:
- Replenished by nature
- Examples: water, forests
- Can be used repeatedly
- Non-renewable resources:
- Fixed stock
- Examples: coal, petroleum
- Get exhausted after use
- Both need careful management
9. Explain the problem of
overuse of natural resources.
Answer:
- Leads to resource depletion
- Causes environmental degradation
- Disturbs ecological balance
- Affects future generations
- Increases pollution
- Reduces sustainability
10. Why are environmental
issues considered global problems?
Answer:
- Do not follow national boundaries
- Affect all countries equally
- Air and water are shared resources
- Problems like global warming impact
everyone
- Require international cooperation
- Future of all nations is interconnected
11. Explain the role of
education in development.
Answer:
- Improves knowledge and skills
- Increases employment opportunities
- Raises income levels
- Promotes awareness and decision-making
- Reduces poverty
- Helps in social and economic progress
12. Explain the role of health
in development.
Answer:
- Healthy people are more productive
- Reduces death rate
- Increases life expectancy
- Improves quality of life
- Essential for economic growth
- Indicator of overall development
13. What are the main
indicators of development?
Answer:
- Per capita income
- Literacy rate
- Life expectancy
- Infant Mortality Rate
- Access to public facilities
- Employment opportunities
14. Explain how income and
other criteria are used to compare countries.
Answer:
- Income shows economic status
- Health shows living conditions
- Education shows knowledge level
- Combined indicators give better comparison
- Helps measure overall development
- Avoids misleading conclusions
15. Why is average income
used? Explain its limitations.
Answer:
- Used to compare countries easily
- Simple and easy to calculate
- Gives general idea of income level
- But hides income inequality
- Ignores non-economic factors
- May give false impression of development
16. Explain the concept of
quality of life.
Answer:
- Includes income, health, education
- Access to clean environment
- Availability of public facilities
- Freedom and equality
- Better living conditions
- Overall well-being of people
17. Explain the importance of
equality in development.
Answer:
- Ensures fair distribution of resources
- Reduces poverty
- Promotes social justice
- Improves living standards
- Encourages inclusive growth
- Strengthens society
18. Explain the causes of
environmental degradation.
Answer:
- Overuse of natural resources
- Industrial pollution
- Deforestation
- Urbanization
- Excessive consumption
- Lack of awareness
19. Explain how development
goals can be conflicting.
Answer:
- One person’s gain may be another’s loss
- Industry vs environment conflict
- Farmers vs industries over land
- Development vs displacement
- Economic growth vs sustainability
- Different priorities cause conflicts
20. Explain the importance of
sustainable use of resources.
Answer:
- Ensures availability for future generations
- Prevents environmental damage
- Maintains ecological balance
- Supports long-term development
- Reduces waste and overuse
- Promotes responsible consumption
✅ 15
Assertion–Reason Questions (Board Pattern)
👉 Use this code while
answering:
- (A) Both A and R are true and R is correct
explanation of A
- (B) Both A and R are true but R is not correct
explanation of A
- (C) A is true but R is false
- (D) A is false but R is true
1.
Assertion (A): Development of a country
depends only on income.
Reason (R): Other factors like health and education are also important.
👉 Answer: (D)
2.
Assertion (A): Different people have
different developmental goals.
Reason (R): People have different needs and priorities.
👉 Answer: (A)
3.
Assertion (A): Average income is useful for
comparing countries.
Reason (R): It shows how income is distributed among people.
👉 Answer: (C)
4.
Assertion (A): Per capita income is a
complete measure of development.
Reason (R): It ignores health and education.
👉 Answer: (D)
5.
Assertion (A): Public facilities are
important for development.
Reason (R): They are available only to rich people.
👉 Answer: (C)
6.
Assertion (A): Infant Mortality Rate is an
indicator of health.
Reason (R): It shows number of children dying before age one.
👉 Answer: (A)
7.
Assertion (A): Literacy rate is an important
indicator of development.
Reason (R): It shows level of education among people.
👉 Answer: (A)
8.
Assertion (A): Sustainable development is
necessary for future generations.
Reason (R): Resources are limited and can get exhausted.
👉 Answer: (A)
9.
Assertion (A): Renewable resources can never
be exhausted.
Reason (R): They are replenished by nature.
👉 Answer: (D)
10.
Assertion (A): Non-renewable resources are
limited.
Reason (R): They cannot be replenished quickly.
👉 Answer: (A)
11.
Assertion (A): Environmental problems are
local in nature.
Reason (R): They affect only one country.
👉 Answer: (D)
12.
Assertion (A): Development includes freedom
and equality.
Reason (R): Development is only about earning money.
👉 Answer: (C)
13.
Assertion (A): UNDP uses HDI to measure
development.
Reason (R): HDI includes health, education, and income.
👉 Answer: (A)
14.
Assertion (A): Overuse of resources leads to
sustainability.
Reason (R): It helps conserve resources for future.
👉 Answer: (D)
15.
Assertion (A): Environmental degradation
affects all countries.
Reason (R): Environmental problems do not follow boundaries.
👉 Answer: (A)
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