3. WATER RESOURCES
A.
MCQs
1.
What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by water?
A.
One-fourth
B. Half
C. Three-fourths
D. One-third
Answer:
C. Three-fourths
2.
Freshwater used by humans is mainly obtained from:
A.
Oceans
B. Seas
C. Surface runoff and groundwater
D. Glaciers only
Answer:
C. Surface runoff and groundwater
3.
Water is called a renewable resource because:
A.
It is unlimited
B. It is continuously renewed through the hydrological cycle
C. It is found everywhere
D. It cannot be polluted
Answer:
B. It is continuously renewed through the hydrological cycle
4.
Water scarcity in most regions is mainly caused by:
A.
High rainfall
B. Over-exploitation and unequal access
C. Rivers
D. Mountains
Answer:
B. Over-exploitation and unequal access
5.
Which sector consumes the largest amount of water in India?
A.
Industries
B. Transport
C. Agriculture
D. Tourism
Answer:
C. Agriculture
6.
Excessive use of tube wells leads to:
A.
Increase in groundwater level
B. Falling groundwater level
C. Better rainfall
D. Floods only
Answer:
B. Falling groundwater level
7.
Which of the following increases pressure on freshwater resources?
A.
Urbanisation
B. Industrialisation
C. Population growth
D. All of these
Answer:
D. All of these
8.
Water scarcity can occur even in areas with:
A.
High rainfall
B. Dense forests
C. Fertile soil
D. Mountains
Answer:
A. High rainfall
9.
Water pollution is mainly caused by:
A.
Domestic waste
B. Industrial waste
C. Fertilisers and pesticides
D. All of these
Answer:
D. All of these
10.
Jal Jeevan Mission aims to provide:
A.
Electricity to villages
B. Safe piped drinking water
C. Free irrigation
D. Housing facilities
Answer:
B. Safe piped drinking water
11.
Under Jal Jeevan Mission, water supply target is:
A.
25 litres per day
B. 35 litres per day
C. 55 litres per day
D. 75 litres per day
Answer:
C. 55 litres per day
12.
Atal Bhujal Yojana focuses on:
A.
River transport
B. Groundwater management
C. Air transport
D. Industrial development
Answer:
B. Groundwater management
13.
How many states are covered under Atal Bhujal Yojana?
A.
5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
Answer:
C. 7
14.
A dam is:
A.
A canal
B. A river valley
C. A barrier across flowing water
D. A lake
Answer:
C. A barrier across flowing water
15.
Multipurpose projects are built mainly for:
A.
Irrigation only
B. Power generation only
C. Flood control only
D. Multiple uses of water
Answer:
D. Multiple uses of water
16.
Bhakra-Nangal Project is located on:
A.
Narmada Basin
B. Mahanadi Basin
C. Sutlej-Beas Basin
D. Godavari Basin
Answer:
C. Sutlej-Beas Basin
17.
Hirakud Project is located on:
A.
Narmada River
B. Mahanadi River
C. Krishna River
D. Kaveri River
Answer:
B. Mahanadi River
18.
Jawaharlal Nehru called dams:
A.
Gifts of Nature
B. Temples of Modern India
C. Lifelines of India
D. Water Banks
Answer:
B. Temples of Modern India
19.
One major benefit of multipurpose projects is:
A.
Soil salinity
B. Flood control
C. Water pollution
D. Displacement
Answer:
B. Flood control
20.
Reservoirs often lead to:
A.
Increased forests
B. Better fish migration
C. Submergence of vegetation
D. Less sedimentation
Answer:
C. Submergence of vegetation
21.
Dams affect aquatic life because they:
A.
Increase rainfall
B. Block migration routes
C. Improve fish breeding
D. Create forests
Answer:
B. Block migration routes
22.
Excessive irrigation may cause:
A.
Soil salinisation
B. Better rainfall
C. Groundwater rise only
D. Afforestation
Answer:
A. Soil salinisation
23.
Which programme follows the slogan "Har Khet Ko Pani"?
A.
Jal Jeevan Mission
B. PMKSY
C. Atal Jal
D. Green Revolution
Answer:
B. PMKSY
24.
"Per Drop More Crop" is associated with:
A.
PMKSY
B. JJM
C. RBI
D. NABARD
Answer:
A. PMKSY
25.
Rainwater harvesting means:
A.
Creating floods
B. Collecting and storing rainwater
C. Diverting rivers
D. Building dams only
Answer:
B. Collecting and storing rainwater
26.
Guls and Kuls are found in:
A.
Rajasthan
B. Bengal
C. Western Himalayas
D. Tamil Nadu
Answer:
C. Western Himalayas
27.
Khadins are traditional water harvesting structures in:
A.
Assam
B. Rajasthan
C. Kerala
D. Punjab
Answer:
B. Rajasthan
28.
Johads are commonly found in:
A.
Rajasthan
B. Gujarat
C. Odisha
D. Bihar
Answer:
A. Rajasthan
29.
Inundation channels were developed in:
A.
Punjab
B. Bengal flood plains
C. Rajasthan
D. Meghalaya
Answer:
B. Bengal flood plains
30.
Tankas are:
A.
Dams
B. Canals
C. Underground water tanks
D. Wells
Answer:
C. Underground water tanks
31.
Tankas are commonly found in:
A.
Rajasthan
B. Karnataka
C. Assam
D. Goa
Answer:
A. Rajasthan
32.
Rainwater stored in tankas is known as:
A.
Jal Pani
B. Neer
C. Palar Pani
D. Ganga Jal
Answer:
C. Palar Pani
33.
Which state made rooftop rainwater harvesting compulsory?
A.
Karnataka
B. Gujarat
C. Tamil Nadu
D. Maharashtra
Answer:
C. Tamil Nadu
34.
Gendathur village is located in:
A.
Rajasthan
B. Karnataka
C. Tamil Nadu
D. Gujarat
Answer:
B. Karnataka
35.
Gendathur became famous for:
A.
Dam construction
B. Rooftop rainwater harvesting
C. Canal irrigation
D. Hydroelectricity
Answer:
B. Rooftop rainwater harvesting
36.
Bamboo drip irrigation system is found in:
A.
Meghalaya
B. Rajasthan
C. Punjab
D. Haryana
Answer:
A. Meghalaya
37.
Bamboo drip irrigation is approximately:
A.
50 years old
B. 100 years old
C. 150 years old
D. 200 years old
Answer:
D. 200 years old
38.
Bamboo drip irrigation uses:
A.
Iron pipes
B. Plastic pipes
C. Bamboo pipes
D. Concrete pipes
Answer:
C. Bamboo pipes
39.
Water in bamboo drip irrigation flows mainly due to:
A.
Electricity
B. Gravity
C. Pumps
D. Engines
Answer:
B. Gravity
40.
Sringaverapura was famous for:
A.
Floodwater harvesting system
B. Railway station
C. Canal irrigation only
D. Hydroelectricity
Answer:
A. Floodwater harvesting system
41.
Sringaverapura was located near:
A.
Delhi
B. Allahabad (Prayagraj)
C. Jaipur
D. Bhopal
Answer:
B. Allahabad (Prayagraj)
42.
During whose reign were dams and irrigation systems extensively built?
A.
Ashoka
B. Akbar
C. Chandragupta Maurya
D. Harsha
Answer:
C. Chandragupta Maurya
43.
Bhopal Lake was built in:
A.
5th Century
B. 8th Century
C. 11th Century
D. 15th Century
Answer:
C. 11th Century
44.
Hauz Khas tank was constructed by:
A.
Akbar
B. Alauddin Khalji
C. Shah Jahan
D. Humayun
Answer:
B. Alauddin Khalji
45.
The Sardar Sarovar Dam is built on:
A.
Mahanadi River
B. Godavari River
C. Narmada River
D. Krishna River
Answer:
C. Narmada River
46.
Sardar Sarovar Project mainly benefits:
A.
Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra
B. Punjab and Haryana
C. Bihar and Jharkhand
D. Kerala and Tamil Nadu
Answer:
A. Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra
47.
Sedimentation in reservoirs reduces:
A.
Storage capacity
B. Rainfall
C. River length
D. Water quality only
Answer:
A. Storage capacity
48.
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of dams?
A.
Irrigation
B. Hydroelectricity
C. Fish breeding
D. Migration of aquatic fauna
Answer:
D. Migration of aquatic fauna
49.
Water conservation is necessary to:
A.
Ensure food security
B. Prevent ecological crises
C. Sustain livelihoods
D. All of these
Answer:
D. All of these
50.
The best long-term solution to water scarcity is:
A.
Over-exploitation of groundwater
B. Water conservation and management
C. More pollution
D. More urbanisation
Answer:
B. Water conservation and management
B. Short Answer Questions
1. What is water scarcity?
Answer:
- Water scarcity means
shortage of usable water to meet human needs.
- It may occur due to low
availability or poor quality of water.
- Over-exploitation and
unequal access also cause water scarcity.
- It affects agriculture,
industries, and daily life.
2. Mention any four causes of water scarcity.
Answer:
- Rapid population growth.
- Overuse of water for
irrigation.
- Industrialisation and
urbanisation.
- Pollution of water
resources.
3. Why is irrigated agriculture the largest consumer of water?
Answer:
- Crops require large
quantities of water.
- Expansion of irrigated
land increases water demand.
- Dry-season farming
depends heavily on irrigation.
- Water-intensive crops
consume huge amounts of water.
4. How does population growth lead to water scarcity?
Answer:
- More people need water for domestic use.
- Demand for food increases agricultural water
use.
- Urban areas require more water supply.
- Pressure on groundwater resources rises.
5. How do industries contribute to water scarcity?
Answer:
- Industries consume large
quantities of freshwater.
- They require water for
production processes.
- Industrial waste pollutes
water bodies.
- Growing industries
increase pressure on water resources.
6. How does urbanisation affect water resources?
Answer:
- Cities have large and
dense populations.
- Demand for water and
energy increases.
- Excessive groundwater
extraction occurs.
- Water bodies often become
polluted.
7. How does groundwater depletion occur?
Answer:
- Excessive use of tube
wells and bore wells.
- Over-irrigation in
agriculture.
- Rapid urban growth
increases demand.
- Recharge is slower than
extraction.
8. What is meant by water pollution?
Answer:
- Contamination of water by
harmful substances.
- Domestic sewage pollutes
water bodies.
- Industrial wastes affect
water quality.
- Fertilisers and
pesticides also contaminate water.
9. Why is water conservation necessary?
Answer:
- To prevent water
scarcity.
- To ensure future water
availability.
- To protect ecosystems.
- To support agriculture
and livelihoods.
10. What are multi-purpose river projects?
Answer:
- Projects based on dams
and reservoirs.
- They serve several
purposes simultaneously.
- Used for irrigation and
electricity generation.
- Also help in flood
control and water supply.
11. State any four benefits of dams.
Answer:
- Provide irrigation
facilities.
- Generate hydroelectric
power.
- Control floods.
- Supply water for domestic
and industrial use.
12. Why did Jawaharlal Nehru call dams the “Temples of Modern India”?
Answer:
- They promoted national
development.
- Supported agricultural
growth.
- Encouraged
industrialisation.
- Helped improve living
standards.
13. What is a dam?
Answer:
- A barrier built across a
river.
- It controls the flow of
water.
- Creates a reservoir for
storage.
- Used for irrigation and
power generation.
14. What is integrated water resources management?
Answer:
- Planned use of water
resources for multiple purposes.
- Combines irrigation,
power generation and flood control.
- Ensures efficient water
utilisation.
- Supports sustainable
development.
15. Mention any four disadvantages of large dams.
Answer:
- Displacement of people.
- Submergence of forests
and land.
- Disturbs aquatic
ecosystems.
- Causes sedimentation in
reservoirs.
16. How do dams affect river ecosystems?
Answer:
- Alter natural river flow.
- Reduce sediment movement.
- Affect fish migration.
- Damage aquatic habitats.
17. What is sedimentation? Why is it harmful?
Answer:
- Accumulation of silt in
reservoirs.
- Reduces water storage
capacity.
- Increases flood risk.
- Lowers dam efficiency.
18. How can dams lead to floods?
Answer:
- Sedimentation reduces
reservoir capacity.
- Excess rainfall fills
reservoirs quickly.
- Sudden release of water
may cause flooding.
- Flood control becomes
less effective.
19. What is rainwater harvesting?
Answer:
- Collection and storage of
rainwater.
- Helps recharge
groundwater.
- Reduces water scarcity.
- Provides water during dry
periods.
20. Why is rainwater harvesting important?
Answer:
- Conserves water
resources.
- Recharges underground
water.
- Reduces dependence on
external supplies.
- Environment-friendly and
economical.
21. What are tankas?
Answer:
- Underground tanks used in
Rajasthan.
- Store rooftop rainwater.
- Provide drinking water
throughout the year.
- Common in arid regions.
22. Describe rooftop rainwater harvesting.
Answer:
- Rainwater is collected
from rooftops.
- Water flows through
pipes.
- Stored in tanks or
underground reservoirs.
- Used later for domestic
purposes.
23. Why was rooftop rainwater harvesting successful in Rajasthan?
Answer:
- Rainfall is scarce in the
region.
- Surface water sources are
limited.
- Tankas store water for
long periods.
- Helps people survive dry
seasons.
24. What is ‘Palar Pani’?
Answer:
- Traditional name for
rainwater in Rajasthan.
- Considered the purest
natural water.
- Stored in tankas.
- Used mainly for drinking.
25. What are khadins?
Answer:
- Traditional rainwater
harvesting structures.
- Found in Jaisalmer,
Rajasthan.
- Store runoff water in
fields.
- Improve soil moisture for
farming.
26. What are johads?
Answer:
- Traditional water
harvesting structures.
- Common in Rajasthan.
- Collect and store
rainwater.
- Recharge groundwater
levels.
27. Explain the bamboo drip irrigation system of Meghalaya.
Answer:
- Uses bamboo pipes to
transport water.
- Water flows through
gravity.
- Delivers water directly
to plant roots.
- Minimises water wastage.
28. How has Gendathur village become rich in rainwater?
Answer:
- Villagers adopted rooftop
rainwater harvesting.
- Nearly all households
participate.
- Large amounts of
rainwater are collected annually.
- Reduces dependence on
external sources.
29. What are the objectives of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana
(PMKSY)?
Answer:
- Expand irrigation
facilities.
- Improve water-use
efficiency.
- Promote water-saving
technologies.
- Encourage sustainable
water conservation.
30. Write a short note on Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM).
Answer:
- Launched by the
Government of India.
- Provides piped drinking
water to rural households.
- Ensures 55 litres per
person per day.
- Improves quality of life
and health in villages.
C. Long Answer Questions
1. Explain the main causes of water scarcity in India.
Answer:
- Rapid population growth
has increased water demand.
- Expansion of irrigation
has led to overuse of water resources.
- Industrialisation
requires large quantities of freshwater.
- Urbanisation increases
domestic and commercial water consumption.
- Excessive groundwater
extraction has lowered water tables.
- Pollution from
industries, households, and agriculture reduces usable water.
2. Why is water conservation necessary in India?
Answer:
- Water resources are
unevenly distributed across regions.
- Growing population has
increased water demand.
- Over-exploitation is
causing depletion of groundwater.
- Clean water is essential
for agriculture and industries.
- Conservation protects
ecosystems and biodiversity.
- It ensures water
availability for future generations.
3. How does population growth contribute to water scarcity?
Answer:
- More people require water
for drinking and household purposes.
- Food production must
increase, raising irrigation demand.
- Urban settlements consume
large amounts of water.
- Increased industrial
production requires more water.
- Groundwater extraction
rises significantly.
- Pressure on available
water resources becomes excessive.
4. Explain the impact of industrialisation on water resources.
Answer:
- Industries consume large
quantities of freshwater.
- Industrial waste pollutes
rivers and lakes.
- Growing industries
increase groundwater extraction.
- Hydroelectric projects
are needed to supply energy.
- Industrial pollution
reduces water quality.
- Water scarcity worsens in
industrial regions.
5. Describe the impact of urbanisation on water resources.
Answer:
- Urban populations require
more water.
- Housing societies depend
heavily on groundwater.
- Increased construction
affects natural recharge.
- Domestic sewage pollutes
nearby water bodies.
- Demand for water rises
continuously.
- Water resources become
over-exploited and depleted.
6. Discuss the quantitative and qualitative aspects of water scarcity.
Answer:
- Quantitative scarcity
refers to insufficient water availability.
- It results from overuse
and increasing demand.
- Qualitative scarcity
occurs when water is polluted.
- Contaminated water
becomes unsafe for use.
- Industrial and domestic
waste reduce water quality.
- Both forms affect human
health and livelihoods.
7. What is Jal Jeevan Mission? Explain its objectives.
Answer:
- It was launched by the
Government of India.
- Aims to provide piped
drinking water to rural households.
- Ensures regular supply of
safe and potable water.
- Provides 55 litres per
capita per day.
- Improves quality of life
in villages.
- Promotes long-term water
security.
8. Write a note on Atal Bhujal Yojana.
Answer:
- Implemented in
water-stressed regions of India.
- Covers seven major
states.
- Focuses on groundwater
management.
- Encourages community
participation.
- Promotes water
conservation instead of over-consumption.
- Brings behavioural
changes toward sustainable water use.
9. What are multipurpose river projects?
Answer:
- Large projects based on
dams and reservoirs.
- Store water for various
uses.
- Provide irrigation to
agricultural fields.
- Generate hydroelectric
power.
- Help in flood control and
water supply.
- Support navigation and
fish breeding.
10. Explain the advantages of multipurpose river projects.
Answer:
- Ensure irrigation in dry
regions.
- Generate hydroelectric
power.
- Control floods by
regulating river flow.
- Supply water to
industries and households.
- Promote inland
navigation.
- Encourage fisheries and
recreation activities.
11. Explain the disadvantages of multipurpose river projects.
Answer:
- Displace local
communities.
- Submerge forests and
fertile land.
- Affect natural river
flow.
- Disturb aquatic
ecosystems.
- Cause sedimentation in
reservoirs.
- May induce environmental
problems and diseases.
12. Why are multipurpose projects facing opposition today?
Answer:
- Large-scale displacement
of people occurs.
- Reservoirs submerge
forests and settlements.
- Fish migration is
obstructed.
- Sedimentation reduces dam
efficiency.
- Ecological balance gets
disturbed.
- Flood control benefits
are often limited.
13. Explain how dams affect river ecosystems.
Answer:
- Alter the natural flow of
rivers.
- Reduce movement of
sediments.
- Affect breeding and
migration of fish.
- Destroy aquatic habitats.
- Cause excessive sediment
deposition.
- Change river channel
characteristics.
14. How do dams contribute to land degradation?
Answer:
- Reservoirs submerge
fertile agricultural land.
- Waterlogging develops in
nearby regions.
- Excessive irrigation
causes salinisation.
- Floodplains lose
nutrient-rich silt.
- Soil fertility declines
gradually.
- Agricultural productivity
may decrease.
15. Why are floods still occurring despite construction of dams?
Answer:
- Reservoirs become filled
with sediments.
- Storage capacity
decreases over time.
- Excess rainfall exceeds
dam capacity.
- Sudden water release may
cause floods.
- Flood control measures
become ineffective.
- Poor management can
worsen flooding.
16. Describe the traditional water harvesting systems in India.
Answer:
- India developed many
local water conservation methods.
- Different regions adapted
to local climatic conditions.
- Khadins and johads were
common in Rajasthan.
- Guls and kuls were used
in the Himalayas.
- Bengal had inundation
channels.
- Rooftop rainwater
harvesting was widely practised.
17. Explain rooftop rainwater harvesting.
Answer:
- Rainwater is collected
from rooftops.
- It is channelled through
pipes.
- Water is filtered before
storage.
- Stored in underground
tanks or reservoirs.
- Recharges groundwater
resources.
- Reduces dependence on
external water sources.
18. Describe the tanka system of Rajasthan.
Answer:
- Tankas are underground
water storage tanks.
- Connected to rooftops
through pipes.
- Collect rainwater during
monsoon.
- Store water for use
throughout the year.
- Provide drinking water in
dry seasons.
- Common in Bikaner,
Barmer, and Phalodi.
19. What are khadins? How do they help conserve water?
Answer:
- Traditional water
harvesting structures in Rajasthan.
- Collect surface runoff
from surrounding areas.
- Allow water to remain in
fields.
- Improve soil moisture
content.
- Support agriculture in
arid regions.
- Reduce dependence on
groundwater.
20. What are johads? Why are they important?
Answer:
- Small traditional water
storage structures.
- Found mainly in
Rajasthan.
- Collect rainwater
efficiently.
- Recharge groundwater
levels.
- Support irrigation and
drinking needs.
- Help combat water
scarcity.
21. Explain the bamboo drip irrigation system of Meghalaya.
Answer:
- A traditional
200-year-old irrigation system.
- Uses bamboo pipes to
transport water.
- Works on the principle of
gravity.
- Delivers water directly
to plants.
- Minimises water wastage.
- Suitable for hilly
terrain.
22. Describe the rainwater harvesting model of Gendathur village.
Answer:
- Located in Mysuru
district of Karnataka.
- Most households have
rooftop harvesting systems.
- Rainwater is collected
and stored effectively.
- Helps meet domestic water
needs.
- Conserves groundwater
resources.
- Village is known for
successful water management.
23. Explain the objectives of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana
(PMKSY).
Answer:
- Expand irrigation
coverage.
- Ensure water reaches
every farm.
- Improve water-use
efficiency.
- Reduce wastage of water.
- Promote sustainable
irrigation methods.
- Encourage "Per Drop
More Crop" approach.
24. Discuss the role of irrigation in water scarcity.
Answer:
- Irrigation consumes the
largest share of water.
- Expansion of irrigated
areas increases demand.
- Water-intensive crops
require excessive water.
- Overuse lowers
groundwater levels.
- Poor irrigation methods
cause wastage.
- Sustainable techniques
are needed.
25. Explain how groundwater depletion affects people.
Answer:
- Drinking water becomes
scarce.
- Wells and tube wells may
dry up.
- Farmers face irrigation
problems.
- Agricultural productivity
decreases.
- Cost of water extraction
increases.
- Food security may be
threatened.
26. Explain the significance of Bhakra-Nangal Project.
Answer:
- Built on the Sutlej
River.
- One of India's major
multipurpose projects.
- Provides irrigation
facilities.
- Generates hydroelectric
power.
- Supports agriculture in
northwestern India.
- Contributes to regional
development.
27. Explain the significance of Hirakud Project.
Answer:
- Built on the Mahanadi
River.
- One of India's longest
dams.
- Controls floods in
Odisha.
- Stores water for
irrigation.
- Generates
hydroelectricity.
- Supports agricultural
development.
28. Discuss the role of traditional water harvesting in sustainable
development.
Answer:
- Conserves local water
resources.
- Recharges groundwater
naturally.
- Reduces dependence on
large dams.
- Environment-friendly and
economical.
- Suitable for local
ecological conditions.
- Promotes community
participation.
29. Why is rainwater harvesting considered a viable alternative to large
dams?
Answer:
- Less expensive than dam
construction.
- Environmentally sustainable.
- Reduces groundwater
depletion.
- Minimises displacement of
people.
- Can be implemented
locally.
- Helps conserve water
efficiently.
30. Explain how water resource management can ensure sustainable
development.
Answer:
- Promotes efficient use of
water.
- Prevents
over-exploitation of resources.
- Encourages rainwater
harvesting.
- Protects water quality
from pollution.
- Supports agriculture and
industries.
- Ensures availability for
future generations.
D. Assertion & Reason Questions with Answers
Choose the correct answer:
A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason
(R) are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
C. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
D. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
1.
Assertion (A): Water is a renewable
resource.
Reason (R): Water is continuously renewed through the hydrological
cycle.
Answer: A
2.
Assertion (A): Water scarcity occurs only in
desert regions.
Reason (R): Many regions with adequate rainfall also face water scarcity
due to over-exploitation and unequal access.
Answer: D
3.
Assertion (A): Irrigated agriculture is the
largest consumer of water in India.
Reason (R): Large quantities of water are required for crop production
and expansion of irrigated land.
Answer: A
4.
Assertion (A): Groundwater levels are
falling in many parts of India.
Reason (R): Excessive use of wells and tube wells has increased
groundwater extraction.
Answer: A
5.
Assertion (A): Industrialisation has
increased pressure on freshwater resources.
Reason (R): Industries require large amounts of water and often pollute
water sources.
Answer: A
6.
Assertion (A): Water scarcity may occur even
when water is available in sufficient quantity.
Reason (R): Water may be polluted and unsafe for human use.
Answer: A
7.
Assertion (A): Jal Jeevan Mission aims to
improve rural water supply.
Reason (R): It seeks to provide every rural household with potable piped
water.
Answer: A
8.
Assertion (A): Atal Bhujal Yojana focuses on
groundwater conservation.
Reason (R): It encourages communities to adopt smart water management
practices.
Answer: A
9.
Assertion (A): Dams are called multipurpose
projects.
Reason (R): They are used for irrigation, power generation, flood
control, and water supply.
Answer: A
10.
Assertion (A): Jawaharlal Nehru called dams
the "Temples of Modern India".
Reason (R): He believed dams would promote agricultural and industrial
development.
Answer: A
11.
Assertion (A): Multipurpose projects have no
environmental impacts.
Reason (R): Dams alter natural river flow and affect aquatic ecosystems.
Answer: D
12.
Assertion (A): Sedimentation reduces the
effectiveness of dams.
Reason (R): Silt accumulation decreases reservoir storage capacity.
Answer: A
13.
Assertion (A): Large dams always prevent
floods successfully.
Reason (R): Excessive sedimentation can reduce their flood-control
capacity.
Answer: D
14.
Assertion (A): Multipurpose projects may
lead to soil degradation.
Reason (R): Excessive irrigation can result in salinisation of soil.
Answer: A
15.
Assertion (A): Rainwater harvesting is an
important method of water conservation.
Reason (R): It helps store rainwater and recharge groundwater.
Answer: A
16.
Assertion (A): Tankas are traditional
underground water storage structures.
Reason (R): They are commonly found in the arid regions of Rajasthan.
Answer: B
(R is true but explains
location, not why tankas are underground storage structures.)
17.
Assertion (A): Rooftop rainwater harvesting
is declining in western Rajasthan.
Reason (R): Water availability increased after the construction of the
Indira Gandhi Canal.
Answer: A
18.
Assertion (A): Bamboo drip irrigation is a
traditional system used in Meghalaya.
Reason (R): Bamboo pipes transport water by gravity from hilltop springs
to fields.
Answer: A
19.
Assertion (A): Gendathur village is known
for successful rainwater harvesting.
Reason (R): Most households have installed rooftop rainwater harvesting
systems.
Answer: A
20.
Assertion (A): Traditional water harvesting
systems were developed according to local ecological conditions.
Reason (R): People had deep knowledge of rainfall patterns, soil types,
and water needs.
Answer: A
.
*********