4. Political Parties
A.
MCQs
1.
A political party is a group of people who:
A.
Make laws only
B. Contest elections and hold power
C. Run courts
D. Collect taxes
Answer:
B
2.
Which is NOT a component of a political party?
A.
Leaders
B. Active members
C. Followers
D. Judges
Answer:
D
3.
Political parties are necessary because they:
A.
Replace courts
B. Run democracy effectively
C. End elections
D. Remove opposition
Answer:
B
4.
Which function is performed by political parties?
A.
Contest elections
B. Appoint judges
C. Print currency
D. Conduct census
Answer:
A
5.
Parties select:
A.
Teachers
B. Candidates
C. Judges
D. Governors
Answer:
B
6.
Opposition parties:
A.
Form courts
B. Criticise government
C. Collect taxes
D. Appoint police
Answer:
B
7.
Public opinion is shaped mainly through:
A.
Political parties
B. Courts
C. Banks
D. Hospitals
Answer:
A
8.
Democracy without political parties becomes:
A.
Stable
B. Difficult to govern
C. Easier
D. More powerful
Answer:
B
9.
One-party system means:
A.
One leader
B. One government department
C. One political party controls government
D. No elections
Answer:
C
10.
One-party system is generally considered:
A.
Democratic
B. Undemocratic
C. Federal
D. Coalition
Answer:
B
11.
Example of one-party system:
A.
India
B. China
C. UK
D. USA
Answer:
B
12.
In a two-party system:
A.
Only one party exists
B. Two major parties dominate
C. No opposition exists
D. Coalition always forms
Answer:
B
13.
Example of two-party system:
A.
India
B. China
C. USA
D. Nepal
Answer:
C
14.
India follows:
A.
One-party system
B. Two-party system
C. Multi-party system
D. Military system
Answer:
C
15.
Multi-party system allows:
A.
More representation
B. No elections
C. No opposition
D. No diversity
Answer:
A
16.
Coalition government means:
A.
Government by one leader
B. Government by several parties together
C. Government by army
D. Government by courts
Answer:
B
17.
Alliance means:
A.
Parties joining together
B. Parties dividing
C. Election boycott
D. Political ban
Answer:
A
18.
India has a multiparty system mainly because of:
A.
Diversity
B. Uniformity
C. Geography only
D. Religion only
Answer:
A
19.
Every political party must register with:
A.
Parliament
B. Election Commission
C. Supreme Court
D. Cabinet
Answer:
B
20.
Recognised parties receive:
A.
Official election symbol
B. Tax exemption only
C. Police control
D. Court power
Answer:
A
21.
State party recognition requires:
A.
6% votes + 2 seats
B. 10% votes
C. 20 seats
D. 50 seats
Answer:
A
22.
National parties operate:
A.
Only in villages
B. Across states
C. Only in cities
D. Internationally
Answer:
B
23.
National party recognition requires:
A.
6% votes in four states + 4 Lok Sabha seats
B. One MLA
C. One MP
D. 2% votes
Answer:
A
24.
Which is a national party?
A.
AAP
B. Local Youth Party
C. Village Party
D. District Party
Answer:
A
25.
AAP was formed in:
A.
1984
B. 2012
C. 1964
D. 1885
Answer:
B
26.
BSP was formed in:
A.
1984
B. 2000
C. 2012
D. 1947
Answer:
A
27.
BJP was founded in:
A.
1964
B. 1885
C. 1980
D. 2012
Answer:
C
28.
CPI(M) was founded in:
A.
1964
B. 1980
C. 1885
D. 2013
Answer:
A
29.
INC was founded in:
A.
1885
B. 1947
C. 1964
D. 1980
Answer:
A
30.
NPP became known as:
A.
First national party from North-East India
B. First state party
C. First world party
D. First coalition
Answer:
A
31.
State parties are also called:
A.
Regional parties
B. Local courts
C. National groups
D. Ministries
Answer:
A
32.
Internal democracy means:
A.
Decision by members
B. Decision by courts
C. Army control
D. No elections
Answer:
A
33.
Concentration of power means:
A.
Few leaders control party
B. Citizens control government
C. Courts control elections
D. Army controls state
Answer:
A
34.
Dynastic succession means:
A.
Family leadership
B. Open competition
C. Public voting
D. Coalition
Answer:
A
35.
Dynastic politics is harmful because:
A.
Limits opportunities
B. Improves competition
C. Increases democracy
D. Removes leaders
Answer:
A
36.
Money power means:
A.
Wealth influencing politics
B. Election symbols
C. Government jobs
D. Court rules
Answer:
A
37.
Muscle power refers to:
A.
Physical force and influence
B. Education
C. Voting machine
D. Constitution
Answer:
A
38.
Meaningful choice requires:
A.
Different policies
B. Same policies
C. One candidate
D. No elections
Answer:
A
39.
Anti-defection law prevents:
A.
Party switching
B. Voting
C. Elections
D. Campaigning
Answer:
A
40.
Defection means:
A.
Changing political party
B. Winning election
C. Forming government
D. Voting
Answer:
A
41.
Affidavit means:
A.
Legal declaration
B. Election speech
C. Campaign
D. Protest
Answer:
A
42.
Candidates must disclose:
A.
Property details
B. Criminal cases
C. Assets
D. All of these
Answer:
D
43.
Election Commission encouraged:
A.
Internal elections
B. No voting
C. Party ban
D. Judicial review
Answer:
A
44.
State funding of elections aims to:
A.
Reduce money influence
B. Ban elections
C. Increase taxes
D. Reduce voting
Answer:
A
45.
Political reform means:
A.
Improving political functioning
B. Ending elections
C. Court reforms only
D. Party ban
Answer:
A
46.
Public pressure can reform parties through:
A.
Petitions
B. Media
C. Agitations
D. All of these
Answer:
D
47.
Quality of democracy depends on:
A.
Public participation
B. Wealth
C. Population
D. Courts only
Answer:
A
48.
Political parties are:
A.
Visible face of democracy
B. Courts
C. Constitution
D. Judiciary
Answer:
A
49.
Which challenge relates to leadership by family?
A.
Dynastic succession
B. Money power
C. Internal democracy
D. Coalition
Answer:
A
50.
Which challenge reduces voter choice?
A.
Lack of meaningful choice
B. Defection
C. Alliance
D. Federalism
Answer:
A
51.
Parties influence:
A.
Government policies
B. Sports
C. Weather
D. Banking only
Answer:
A
52.
Federal countries usually have:
A.
National and state parties
B. One party
C. No parties
D. Army rule
Answer:
A
53.
Parties form government after:
A.
Winning elections
B. Court approval
C. Public petition
D. Tax collection
Answer:
A
54.
Election symbols help:
A.
Identify parties
B. Ban voting
C. Count population
D. Register schools
Answer:
A
55.
Democracy requires:
A.
Competition
B. One ruler
C. No elections
D. No parties
Answer:
A
56.
Rich companies influence:
A.
Party policies
B. Weather
C. Judiciary
D. Population
Answer:
A
57.
Political parties connect:
A.
Citizens and government
B. Schools and courts
C. Banks and army
D. Farmers and weather
Answer:
A
58.
Internal elections improve:
A.
Democracy inside parties
B. Taxes
C. Population
D. Transport
Answer:
A
59.
Opposition protects:
A.
Democracy
B. Army
C. Courts
D. Religion
Answer:
A
60.
Multi-party systems often create:
A.
Coalitions
B. Dictatorship
C. Monarchy
D. Military rule
Answer:
A
61.
Regional parties mainly represent:
A.
State interests
B. International issues
C. Judiciary
D. Defence
Answer:
A
62.
Party policies are usually decided:
A.
National level
B. Village level
C. Foreign governments
D. Courts
Answer:
A
63.
Political parties become stronger through:
A.
Public participation
B. Silence
C. Avoiding elections
D. Military rule
Answer:
A
64.
Supreme Court affidavit rule increased:
A.
Transparency
B. Corruption
C. Defection
D. Dynastic rule
Answer:
A
65.
Good governance means:
A.
Effective and transparent administration
B. No elections
C. Military rule
D. No opposition
Answer:
A
66.
Citizens can reform politics by:
A.
Participating
B. Avoiding voting
C. Ignoring politics
D. Boycotting all elections
Answer:
A
67.
Political parties exist mainly to:
A.
Gain power and implement policies
B. Run courts
C. Conduct exams
D. Print currency
Answer:
A
68.
Democracy improves through:
A.
Better politics
B. No politics
C. No voting
D. No parties
Answer:
A
69.
The most visible institution of democracy is:
A.
Political parties
B. Judiciary
C. Media
D. Police
Answer:
A
70.
“Bad politics can be solved by more and better politics” means:
A.
Citizens should participate actively
B. Stop elections
C. Ban parties
D. End democracy
Answer:
A
B. Short Type Questions
1. What is a political party?
Answer:
- Group of people with common policies.
- Contest elections.
- Aim to gain political power.
- Form and run government.
2. Mention any four components
of a political party.
Answer:
- Leaders
- Active members
- Followers
- Organisation structure
3. Why are political parties
necessary in democracy?
Answer:
- Contest elections.
- Form governments.
- Represent public interests.
- Ensure accountability.
4. Explain any four functions
of political parties.
Answer:
- Contest elections.
- Form and implement policies.
- Make laws.
- Act as opposition.
5. How do political parties
shape public opinion?
Answer:
- Conduct campaigns.
- Organise meetings.
- Raise public issues.
- Spread political awareness.
6. Define one-party system.
Answer:
- Only one party governs.
- No real competition.
- Limits voter choice.
- Considered undemocratic.
7. Why is one-party system not
democratic?
Answer:
- No political competition.
- Citizens have limited choice.
- Government remains unchecked.
- Opposition becomes weak.
8. What is a two-party system?
Answer:
- Two major parties dominate.
- Government alternates between them.
- Smaller parties exist.
- Example: USA.
9. Define multiparty system.
Answer:
- More than two parties compete.
- Multiple groups get representation.
- Coalition governments may form.
- Example: India.
10. What is coalition
government?
Answer:
- Government formed by several parties.
- Parties share power.
- Common programme is followed.
- Common in multiparty systems.
11. What is an alliance?
Answer:
- Parties join together.
- Contest elections collectively.
- Aim to gain power.
- Also called a front.
12. Why does India follow
multiparty system?
Answer:
- Social diversity.
- Regional differences.
- Large population.
- Multiple interests.
13. What is a national party?
Answer:
- Operates across states.
- Has national recognition.
- Follows common policies.
- Contests national elections.
14. What is a state party?
Answer:
- Works mainly in one state.
- Represents regional interests.
- Recognised by Election Commission.
- May influence national politics.
15. What are recognised
political parties?
Answer:
- Officially recognised.
- Get election symbols.
- Receive special facilities.
- Meet election criteria.
16. Mention criteria for state
party recognition.
Answer:
- Minimum 6% votes.
- Win at least 2 seats.
- State-level election performance.
- Recognition by Election Commission.
17. Mention criteria for
national party recognition.
Answer:
- 6% votes in four states.
- Minimum 4 Lok Sabha seats.
- National-level performance.
- Election Commission approval.
18. Write any four features of
national parties.
Answer:
- National presence.
- Common ideology.
- State units exist.
- Broad policies.
19. What is internal
democracy?
Answer:
- Members participate.
- Internal elections held.
- Open decision making.
- Transparency maintained.
20. Why is lack of internal
democracy a challenge?
Answer:
- Power concentrated.
- Members excluded.
- Leaders dominate.
- Decisions become non-transparent.
21. What is dynastic
succession?
Answer:
- Family-based leadership.
- Limited opportunities.
- Reduces competition.
- Weakens democracy.
22. Why is dynastic politics
harmful?
Answer:
- Unfair advantage.
- Less merit.
- Limits participation.
- Weak leadership.
23. Explain money power in
politics.
Answer:
- Wealth influences elections.
- Rich candidates preferred.
- Policies may get affected.
- Democracy becomes unequal.
24. What is muscle power?
Answer:
- Use of force.
- Criminal influence.
- Pressure on voters.
- Weakens democracy.
25. Explain lack of meaningful
choice.
Answer:
- Parties become similar.
- Policies overlap.
- Voters get fewer alternatives.
- Leaders switch parties.
26. What is defection?
Answer:
- Changing political party.
- Happens after elections.
- Creates instability.
- Discouraged by law.
27. What is Anti-Defection
Law?
Answer:
- Stops party switching.
- Seat may be lost.
- Ensures stability.
- Reduces political misuse.
28. What is affidavit in
elections?
Answer:
- Legal declaration.
- Candidate details submitted.
- Property disclosed.
- Criminal records declared.
29. Why are affidavits
important?
Answer:
- Improve transparency.
- Inform voters.
- Reduce hidden information.
- Increase accountability.
30. Mention reforms suggested
for political parties.
Answer:
- Internal elections.
- Women reservation.
- State funding.
- Transparency.
31. Why should parties hold
internal elections?
Answer:
- Increase democracy.
- Reduce concentration.
- Encourage participation.
- Improve accountability.
32. Why is women’s
participation important?
Answer:
- Equal representation.
- Better decision making.
- Inclusive democracy.
- More leadership opportunities.
33. What is state funding of
elections?
Answer:
- Government supports expenses.
- Reduces money influence.
- Promotes fairness.
- Supports smaller parties.
34. Why cannot laws alone
reform politics?
Answer:
- Parties may avoid rules.
- Political resistance.
- Over-regulation creates problems.
- Needs public support.
35. How can citizens reform
political parties?
Answer:
- Public campaigns.
- Petitions.
- Participation.
- Political awareness.
36. What role does media play
in reforms?
Answer:
- Creates awareness.
- Exposes issues.
- Builds pressure.
- Encourages accountability.
37. Why should citizens join
political parties?
Answer:
- Improve politics.
- Increase participation.
- Strengthen democracy.
- Encourage reforms.
38. How do state parties
strengthen democracy?
Answer:
- Represent regions.
- Increase diversity.
- Support federalism.
- Improve participation.
39. Why are political parties
called the visible face of democracy?
Answer:
- Contest elections.
- Form governments.
- Interact with people.
- Influence policies.
40. Explain the statement “Bad
politics can be solved by more and better politics.”
Answer:
- Citizens must participate.
- Improve leadership.
- Strengthen democracy.
- Encourage reforms.
C. Long Answer Questions
1. Explain the meaning and
features of a political party.
Answer:
- Group of people with common ideology.
- Contest elections.
- Aim to gain political power.
- Form government.
- Implement policies.
- Work for public welfare.
2. Explain the importance of
political parties in democracy.
Answer:
- Contest elections.
- Form governments.
- Make laws.
- Represent public opinion.
- Act as opposition.
- Link people and government.
3. Explain any six functions
of political parties.
Answer:
- Contest elections.
- Select candidates.
- Form government.
- Make laws.
- Shape public opinion.
- Act as opposition.
4. Why are political parties
considered necessary in democracy?
Answer:
- Organise elections.
- Provide policy choices.
- Ensure accountability.
- Form government.
- Maintain political stability.
- Connect citizens to government.
5. Explain one-party system.
Answer:
- One party controls government.
- No effective competition.
- Limited voter choice.
- Weak opposition.
- Reduces accountability.
- Considered undemocratic.
6. Explain two-party system.
Answer:
- Two parties dominate politics.
- Alternate in government.
- Stable governance.
- Clear opposition.
- Limited smaller party influence.
- Example: USA.
7. Explain multiparty system.
Answer:
- Multiple parties compete.
- Coalition governments form.
- Diverse representation.
- Encourages participation.
- Includes regional interests.
- Example: India.
8. Why has India adopted a
multiparty system?
Answer:
- Cultural diversity.
- Linguistic differences.
- Regional interests.
- Large population.
- Social diversity.
- Federal structure.
9. Explain coalition
government.
Answer:
- Government by multiple parties.
- Shared decision making.
- Common programmes.
- Represents many groups.
- Common in multiparty system.
- Strengthens democracy.
10. Explain recognised
political parties.
Answer:
- Registered officially.
- Election symbol allotted.
- Get special facilities.
- Meet performance criteria.
- Recognised nationally/statewise.
- Managed by Election Commission.
11. Explain the role of
Election Commission regarding political parties.
Answer:
- Registers parties.
- Grants recognition.
- Allocates symbols.
- Monitors elections.
- Promotes transparency.
- Conducts fair elections.
12. Differentiate between
national and state parties.
Answer:
- National → across states.
- State → one state.
- National issues vs regional issues.
- Different recognition criteria.
- Wider support base.
- Different political influence.
13. Explain criteria for
recognition of state and national parties.
Answer:
- State: 6% votes.
- State: minimum 2 seats.
- National: 6% votes in four states.
- Minimum 4 Lok Sabha seats.
- Election Commission approval.
- Official symbol provided.
14. Explain the growth of
state parties in India.
Answer:
- Increased regional awareness.
- Greater political participation.
- Coalition politics.
- Representation of states.
- Strengthened federalism.
- Increased diversity.
15. Explain lack of internal
democracy as a challenge.
Answer:
- Power concentration.
- Limited member participation.
- Few internal elections.
- Lack of transparency.
- Leaders dominate.
- Weak accountability.
16. Explain dynastic
succession.
Answer:
- Family leadership.
- Limited opportunities.
- Reduces merit.
- Discourages workers.
- Creates inequality.
- Weakens democracy.
17. Explain money and muscle
power.
Answer:
- Rich candidates dominate.
- Corporate influence.
- Criminal support.
- Election manipulation.
- Unequal competition.
- Weak democratic values.
18. Explain lack of meaningful
choice.
Answer:
- Similar policies.
- Limited alternatives.
- Leader shifting.
- Weak voter confidence.
- Reduced competition.
- Decreases democracy quality.
19. Explain major challenges
faced by political parties.
Answer:
- Internal democracy issue.
- Dynastic succession.
- Money power.
- Muscle power.
- Lack of meaningful choice.
- Weak public trust.
20. Why are political parties
criticised?
Answer:
- Corruption.
- Family dominance.
- Poor transparency.
- Criminal influence.
- Limited public trust.
- Weak internal democracy.
21. Explain Anti-Defection
Law.
Answer:
- Prevents party switching.
- Maintains stability.
- Protects voter mandate.
- Reduces corruption.
- Seat cancellation possible.
- Improves discipline.
22. Explain importance of
Anti-Defection Law.
Answer:
- Reduces instability.
- Controls misuse.
- Prevents bribery.
- Strengthens government.
- Protects democracy.
- Reduces opportunism.
23. Explain the affidavit
system.
Answer:
- Mandatory declaration.
- Property details.
- Criminal cases.
- Financial disclosure.
- Informs voters.
- Increases transparency.
24. Explain reforms introduced
for political parties.
Answer:
- Anti-defection law.
- Affidavit rule.
- Internal elections.
- Income tax returns.
- Transparency.
- Greater accountability.
25. Explain internal reforms
suggested for political parties.
Answer:
- Membership register.
- Internal elections.
- Independent authority.
- Follow constitution.
- Resolve disputes.
- Transparency.
26. Explain need for women’s
participation in political parties.
Answer:
- Equal opportunities.
- Better representation.
- Inclusive decisions.
- Strong democracy.
- Greater participation.
- Leadership development.
27. Explain state funding of
elections.
Answer:
- Government financial support.
- Reduce money influence.
- Fair competition.
- Encourage participation.
- Support smaller parties.
- Improve democracy.
28. Explain limitations of
legal reforms.
Answer:
- Parties resist changes.
- Rules may be ignored.
- Difficult implementation.
- Over-regulation.
- Political loopholes.
- Need public support.
29. Explain how citizens can
reform political parties.
Answer:
- Public campaigns.
- Petitions.
- Voting.
- Join parties.
- Public pressure.
- Active participation.
30. Explain the role of media
in political reforms.
Answer:
- Spread awareness.
- Expose corruption.
- Build public opinion.
- Promote accountability.
- Encourage reforms.
- Support democracy.
31. Explain the relationship
between political parties and democracy.
Answer:
- Conduct elections.
- Form government.
- Represent citizens.
- Promote participation.
- Strengthen accountability.
- Ensure political stability.
32. Explain importance of
opposition parties.
Answer:
- Check government.
- Raise public issues.
- Prevent misuse.
- Encourage debate.
- Increase accountability.
- Protect democracy.
33. Explain how political
parties strengthen federalism.
Answer:
- Represent states.
- Support regional interests.
- Encourage diversity.
- Increase participation.
- Build cooperation.
- Balance power.
34. Explain role of political
parties in making laws.
Answer:
- Introduce bills.
- Debate policies.
- Vote on laws.
- Implement legislation.
- Represent public.
- Monitor execution.
35. Explain role of political
parties in elections.
Answer:
- Select candidates.
- Campaign.
- Mobilise voters.
- Present programmes.
- Contest elections.
- Form government.
36. Explain how public
participation improves democracy.
Answer:
- Better representation.
- Strong accountability.
- Greater awareness.
- Political reforms.
- Better governance.
- Responsible citizenship.
37. Explain why no party
system is ideal.
Answer:
- Countries differ.
- Social conditions vary.
- Political history matters.
- Regional differences.
- Electoral systems differ.
- No universal model.
38. Explain role of state
parties in Indian democracy.
Answer:
- Regional representation.
- Coalition formation.
- Strengthen federalism.
- Political diversity.
- Better participation.
- Improve democracy.
39. Explain significance of
political reforms.
Answer:
- Increase transparency.
- Improve democracy.
- Reduce corruption.
- Better participation.
- Increase accountability.
- Improve governance.
40. Explain the statement:
“Bad politics can be solved by more and better politics.”
Answer:
- Citizens should participate.
- Join political processes.
- Demand reforms.
- Vote responsibly.
- Increase awareness.
- Strengthen democracy.
D. Assertion–Reason questions
Directions: Choose the correct
option:
A. Both A and R are true and R
is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R
is NOT the correct explanation of A
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
1. Assertion (A): Political
parties are necessary in democracy.
Reason (R): They contest
elections and form governments.
Answer: A
2. Assertion (A): Democracy
can function effectively without political parties.
Reason (R): Parties organise
competition for power.
Answer: D
3. Assertion (A): India
follows a multiparty system.
Reason (R): India has social
and regional diversity.
Answer: A
4. Assertion (A): One-party
system is considered democratic.
Reason (R): Citizens get
multiple choices in elections.
Answer: D
5. Assertion (A): Multiparty
system encourages wider representation.
Reason (R): Many groups get
opportunities to participate.
Answer: A
6. Assertion (A): Coalition
government is common in multiparty systems.
Reason (R): One party may not
win majority alone.
Answer: A
7. Assertion (A): Political
parties act as a link between people and government.
Reason (R): Parties
communicate public demands to government.
Answer: A
8. Assertion (A): Opposition
parties are unnecessary in democracy.
Reason (R): Opposition
monitors government actions.
Answer: D
9. Assertion (A): National
parties work only in one state.
Reason (R): They operate
across different states.
Answer: D
10. Assertion (A): State
parties represent regional interests.
Reason (R): They mainly
operate within particular states.
Answer: A
11. Assertion (A): Recognised
political parties receive election symbols.
Reason (R): Election
Commission grants special facilities.
Answer: A
12. Assertion (A): Election
Commission registers political parties.
Reason (R): It conducts free
and fair elections.
Answer: B
13. Assertion (A): Internal
democracy means members participate in decisions.
Reason (R): Party leaders
should not dominate completely.
Answer: A
14. Assertion (A): Lack of internal
democracy is a challenge.
Reason (R): Power becomes
concentrated among leaders.
Answer: A
15. Assertion (A): Dynastic
succession strengthens equal opportunities.
Reason (R): Leadership remains
within families.
Answer: D
16. Assertion (A): Dynastic
succession affects democracy negatively.
Reason (R): Leadership
opportunities become limited.
Answer: A
17. Assertion (A): Money power
influences political decisions.
Reason (R): Rich donors may
affect party policies.
Answer: A
18. Assertion (A): Muscle
power improves election quality.
Reason (R): Criminal influence
increases pressure in politics.
Answer: D
19. Assertion (A): Meaningful
choice is important in democracy.
Reason (R): Voters should have
different policy alternatives.
Answer: A
20. Assertion (A): Political
parties always offer completely different policies.
Reason (R): Differences among
parties have reduced in recent years.
Answer: D
21. Assertion (A):
Anti-defection law was introduced to stop party switching.
Reason (R): Defection creates
political instability.
Answer: A
22. Assertion (A): Defection
strengthens democratic values.
Reason (R): Representatives
change parties for personal benefits.
Answer: D
23. Assertion (A): Election
candidates must file affidavits.
Reason (R): Public should know
candidate details.
Answer: A
24. Assertion (A): Affidavits
increase transparency in elections.
Reason (R): Candidates
disclose assets and criminal records.
Answer: A
25. Assertion (A): Internal
elections improve political parties.
Reason (R): They increase
accountability and participation.
Answer: A
26. Assertion (A): State
funding of elections reduces money influence.
Reason (R): Government
supports election expenses.
Answer: A
27. Assertion (A): Political
reforms can happen only through laws.
Reason (R): Citizens and media
can create pressure.
Answer: D
28. Assertion (A): Citizens
play an important role in political reforms.
Reason (R): Public
participation strengthens democracy.
Answer: A
29. Assertion (A): Political
parties are called the visible face of democracy.
Reason (R): Citizens directly
observe their activities.
Answer: A
30. Assertion (A): Bad
politics can be solved by more and better politics.
Reason (R): Active citizen
participation improves democracy.
Answer: A
**********