3. The Making of a Global World
A.
MCQs
1. Globalisation refers to:
A) Isolation of countries
B) Connection among countries through trade and exchange
C) Military rule
D) Colonisation
Answer: B) Connection among countries through trade
and exchange
2. Which civilisation had
trade links with West Asia around 3000 BCE?
A) Roman Civilization
B) Greek Civilization
C) Indus Valley Civilization
D) Egyptian Civilization
Answer: C) Indus Valley Civilization
3. Cowries were mainly used
as:
A) Weapons
B) Currency
C) Ornaments only
D) Medicines
Answer: B) Currency
4. The Silk Routes connected:
A) Asia, Europe and Africa
B) Australia and America
C) India and Antarctica
D) Africa and Australia
Answer: A) Asia, Europe and Africa
5. The Silk Routes were famous
for the trade of:
A) Wheat
B) Silk
C) Coal
D) Iron
Answer: B) Silk
6. Buddhism spread through:
A) Air Routes
B) Silk Routes
C) Railways
D) Highways
Answer: B) Silk Routes
7. Who accidentally discovered
America?
A) Vasco da Gama
B) Marco Polo
C) Christopher Columbus
D) James Cook
Answer: C) Christopher Columbus
8. Which crop came from
America?
A) Rice
B) Wheat
C) Potato
D) Barley
Answer: C) Potato
9. The Irish Potato Famine
occurred during:
A) 1740s
B) 1840s
C) 1940s
D) 1640s
Answer: B) 1840s
10. Which disease helped
Europeans conquer America?
A) Cholera
B) Plague
C) Smallpox
D) Malaria
Answer: C) Smallpox
11. The original inhabitants
of America were:
A) Europeans
B) American Indians
C) Africans
D) Arabs
Answer: B) American Indians
12. Which precious metal from
America enriched Europe?
A) Copper
B) Iron
C) Silver
D) Lead
Answer: C) Silver
13. El Dorado was believed to
be:
A) A silver mine
B) A city of gold
C) A sea route
D) A kingdom in Europe
Answer: B) A city of gold
14. Europe emerged as the
centre of world trade after:
A) 5th century
B) 10th century
C) 15th century onwards
D) 20th century
Answer: C) 15th century onwards
15. The Corn Laws were related
to:
A) Export of cotton
B) Import of food grains
C) Import of machines
D) Trade in silk
Answer: B) Import of food grains
16. Corn Laws were abolished
in:
A) Britain
B) India
C) China
D) France
Answer: A) Britain
17. After abolition of Corn
Laws:
A) Food prices increased
B) Food imports became cheaper
C) Trade stopped
D) Agriculture expanded in Britain
Answer: B) Food imports became cheaper
18. Capital mainly flowed
from:
A) Delhi
B) Tokyo
C) London
D) Moscow
Answer: C) London
19. By 1890, a global ______
economy had taken shape.
A) Industrial
B) Agricultural
C) Political
D) Military
Answer: B) Agricultural
20. Approximately how many
Europeans migrated overseas in the 19th century?
A) 10 million
B) 20 million
C) 50 million
D) 100 million
Answer: C) 50 million
21. Canal Colonies were
developed in:
A) Bengal
B) Bihar
C) West Punjab
D) Gujarat
Answer: C) West Punjab
22. World trade multiplied
about:
A) 2–5 times
B) 10–15 times
C) 25–40 times
D) 50–60 times
Answer: C) 25–40 times
23. Which invention improved
long-distance communication?
A) Steamship
B) Telegraph
C) Refrigerator
D) Tractor
Answer: B) Telegraph
24. Refrigerated ships helped
transport:
A) Coal
B) Wheat
C) Meat
D) Gold
Answer: C) Meat
25. The Berlin Conference of
1885 was related to:
A) Division of Africa
B) Division of India
C) First World War
D) IMF formation
Answer: A) Division of Africa
26. Rinderpest was:
A) Human disease
B) Crop disease
C) Cattle plague
D) Bird disease
Answer: C) Cattle plague
27. Rinderpest killed nearly:
A) 25% cattle
B) 50% cattle
C) 75% cattle
D) 90% cattle
Answer: D) 90% cattle
28. Indentured labourers
worked under:
A) Permanent employment
B) Contract system
C) Military service
D) Government service
Answer: B) Contract system
29. Most Indian indentured
labourers came from:
A) Punjab and Haryana
B) UP and Bihar
C) Gujarat and Maharashtra
D) Kashmir and Ladakh
Answer: B) UP and Bihar
30. Which was NOT a
destination of Indian indentured labourers?
A) Fiji
B) Mauritius
C) Guyana
D) Russia
Answer: D) Russia
31. Indentured labour is often
called:
A) Modern trade
B) New system of slavery
C) Capitalism
D) Socialism
Answer: B) New system of slavery
32. The system of indentured
labour was abolished in:
A) 1900
B) 1910
C) 1921
D) 1931
Answer: C) 1921
33. Nattukottai Chettiars
were:
A) Soldiers
B) Farmers
C) Bankers and traders
D) Industrial workers
Answer: C) Bankers and traders
34. Which export from India
increased during British rule?
A) Cotton textiles
B) Raw cotton
C) Silk cloth
D) Wool
Answer: B) Raw cotton
35. Opium was mainly exported
from India to:
A) Japan
B) China
C) Russia
D) Germany
Answer: B) China
36. The First World War lasted
from:
A) 1910–1914
B) 1914–1918
C) 1918–1922
D) 1939–1945
Answer: B) 1914–1918
37. Which country joined the
Allies later?
A) Germany
B) Japan
C) USA
D) Italy
Answer: C) USA
38. First World War was the
first:
A) Religious war
B) Industrial war
C) Colonial war
D) Trade war
Answer: B) Industrial war
39. About how many people died
in World War I?
A) 2 million
B) 5 million
C) 9 million
D) 20 million
Answer: C) 9 million
40. During World War I, women:
A) Stayed at home only
B) Took over jobs previously done by men
C) Migrated to America
D) Joined colonies
Answer: B) Took over jobs previously done by men
41. After World War I, the USA
became:
A) Debtor nation
B) Creditor nation
C) Colony
D) Protectorate
Answer: B) Creditor nation
42. Who pioneered
assembly-line production?
A) Karl Marx
B) Henry Ford
C) James Watt
D) Keynes
Answer: B) Henry Ford
43. The first mass-produced
car was:
A) Rolls Royce
B) Ford T-Model
C) Benz
D) Toyota
Answer: B) Ford T-Model
44. Mass production reduced:
A) Costs and prices
B) Trade
C) Employment
D) Exports
Answer: A) Costs and prices
45. Hire purchase means:
A) Cash payment
B) Payment by instalments
C) Free purchase
D) Government subsidy
Answer: B) Payment by instalments
46. The Great Depression began
in:
A) 1919
B) 1925
C) 1929
D) 1939
Answer: C) 1929
47. The Great Depression
mainly affected:
A) Agriculture first
B) Sports
C) Tourism only
D) Education only
Answer: A) Agriculture first
48. During the Depression, US
banks:
A) Expanded loans
B) Closed loans and recalled money
C) Reduced interest to zero
D) Gave free loans
Answer: B) Closed loans and recalled money
49. By 1933, more than ______
US banks had closed.
A) 500
B) 1000
C) 2000
D) 4000
Answer: D) 4000
50. Wheat prices in India fell
by about:
A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 80%
Answer: C) 50%
51. Bengal farmers mainly
produced:
A) Tea
B) Cotton
C) Jute
D) Coffee
Answer: C) Jute
52. The Second World War lasted
from:
A) 1935–1940
B) 1939–1945
C) 1940–1944
D) 1945–1950
Answer: B) 1939–1945
53. Axis Powers included:
A) Germany, Italy, Japan
B) Britain, France, USA
C) Russia, Britain, USA
D) India, China, Japan
Answer: A) Germany, Italy, Japan
54. About how many people died
in World War II?
A) 20 million
B) 40 million
C) 60 million
D) 80 million
Answer: C) 60 million
55. Bretton Woods Conference
was held in:
A) 1939
B) 1944
C) 1947
D) 1950
Answer: B) 1944
56. Bretton Woods Conference
took place in:
A) London
B) Paris
C) New Hampshire, USA
D) Washington
Answer: C) New Hampshire, USA
57. IMF stands for:
A) International Money Fund
B) International Monetary Fund
C) International Market Fund
D) International Merchant Fund
Answer: B) International Monetary Fund
58. World Bank's original name
is:
A) IBRD
B) WTO
C) UNO
D) OECD
Answer: A) IBRD
59. IMF and World Bank are
called:
A) Golden Twins
B) Economic Twins
C) Bretton Woods Twins
D) Financial Brothers
Answer: C) Bretton Woods Twins
60. Bretton Woods System was
based on:
A) Floating exchange rate
B) Fixed exchange rate
C) Gold exchange only
D) Barter system
Answer: B) Fixed exchange rate
61. One ounce of gold was
fixed at:
A) $20
B) $25
C) $35
D) $50
Answer: C) $35
62. The post-war period from
1950–1970 is known for:
A) Slow growth
B) Economic prosperity
C) Depression
D) Colonialism
Answer: B) Economic prosperity
63. Decolonisation means:
A) Industrialisation
B) Colonisation
C) Freedom from colonial rule
D) Trade expansion
Answer: C) Freedom from colonial rule
64. G-77 was formed by:
A) Developed countries
B) Socialist countries
C) Developing countries
D) European countries
Answer: C) Developing countries
65. NIEO stands for:
A) New Industrial Economic Organisation
B) New International Economic Order
C) National International Economic Order
D) New Investment Economic Office
Answer: B) New International Economic Order
66. Bretton Woods System
collapsed because:
A) Gold disappeared
B) US dollar weakened
C) IMF closed
D) World Bank dissolved
Answer: B) US dollar weakened
67. Floating exchange rate
means:
A) Fixed by government
B) Determined by demand and supply
C) Based only on gold
D) No currency value
Answer: B) Determined by demand and supply
68. MNC stands for:
A) Multi-National Company
B) Market National Corporation
C) Monetary National Council
D) Multi-Nation Committee
Answer: A) Multi-National Company
69. Which country became a
major manufacturing centre due to low wages?
A) Germany
B) France
C) China
D) Canada
Answer: C) China
70. Globalisation refers to:
A) Separation of economies
B) Integration of world economies through trade and investment
C) Colonisation only
D) Military alliances
Answer: B) Integration of world economies through
trade and investment
B. Short Answer Questions
1. What were the Silk Routes?
Explain their importance.
Answer:
- Silk Routes connected Asia, Europe, and Africa
through land and sea routes.
- Chinese silk, Indian spices, and textiles were
traded.
- They facilitated cultural and religious exchanges.
- Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam spread through
these routes.
2. How did food demonstrate
cultural exchange in the pre-modern world?
Answer:
- Traders carried food crops across continents.
- Potato, maize, tomato, and chilli came from the
Americas.
- Noodles and spaghetti reflect cultural interactions.
- Food habits changed due to global exchanges.
3. Why was the discovery of
America significant?
Answer:
- It opened new trade routes and markets.
- Precious metals like silver enriched Europe.
- New crops spread to Europe and Asia.
- It shifted the centre of world trade westward.
4. How did smallpox help
European conquest of America?
Answer:
- Europeans brought smallpox to America.
- Native Americans lacked immunity.
- The disease killed large populations.
- It weakened resistance and aided colonisation.
5. What were the Corn Laws?
Answer:
- Laws imposed by Britain to restrict grain imports.
- Protected local landowners and farmers.
- Increased food prices in Britain.
- Abolished due to pressure from industrialists and
urban consumers.
6. State the effects of
abolishing the Corn Laws.
Answer:
- Cheap food imports entered Britain.
- Food prices declined.
- British farmers faced competition.
- Many agricultural workers migrated to cities or
overseas.
7. How did Britain's food
demand create a global agricultural economy?
Answer:
- Demand for food increased with population growth.
- Agricultural lands expanded in America and
Australia.
- Railways and ports were developed.
- Labour and capital moved across countries.
8. What was the role of
railways and steamships in globalisation?
Answer:
- Reduced transport costs.
- Increased speed of movement.
- Linked producers and markets globally.
- Expanded international trade.
9. Explain the importance of
refrigerated ships.
Answer:
- Allowed transport of frozen meat over long
distances.
- Reduced spoilage during travel.
- Lowered meat prices in Europe.
- Improved the diet of ordinary people.
10. Why did European powers
colonise Africa?
Answer:
- Africa had rich mineral resources.
- Vast fertile lands attracted Europeans.
- Colonies supplied raw materials.
- Colonies provided markets for manufactured goods.
11. What was Rinderpest?
Answer:
- A deadly cattle disease that spread in Africa.
- Killed nearly 90% of cattle.
- Destroyed livelihoods of African herders.
- Helped Europeans strengthen colonial control.
12. Mention the effects of
Rinderpest in Africa.
Answer:
- Massive loss of cattle.
- Famine and economic hardship.
- Africans were forced into wage labour.
- Colonial powers gained greater control.
13. What is meant by
indentured labour?
Answer:
- Labourers worked under fixed contracts.
- Contracts usually lasted five years.
- Promised wages and return passage.
- Often described as a new form of slavery.
14. Why did Indians migrate as
indentured labourers?
Answer:
- Poverty and unemployment.
- Decline of cottage industries.
- Rising land rents and debts.
- Hope of a better life abroad.
15. Name the main destinations
of Indian indentured labourers.
Answer:
- Mauritius.
- Fiji.
- Trinidad and Guyana.
- Malaya and Ceylon.
16. Why is indentured labour
called a “new system of slavery”?
Answer:
- Working conditions were harsh.
- Labourers had limited rights.
- Agents often provided false information.
- Workers faced punishment for disobedience.
17. How did Indian bankers
contribute to global trade?
Answer:
- Financed export agriculture.
- Provided loans to traders and farmers.
- Facilitated money transfers.
- Supported trade in Southeast Asia and Africa.
18. How did colonialism affect
Indian textile exports?
Answer:
- Britain imposed tariffs on Indian textiles.
- British machine-made cloth became dominant.
- Indian textile exports declined.
- Raw material exports increased.
19. Why was opium important in
British trade?
Answer:
- Grown in India under British control.
- Exported to China.
- Generated large profits.
- Helped Britain pay for Chinese tea imports.
20. Why is the First World War
called the first modern industrial war?
Answer:
- Used machine guns and tanks.
- Aircraft and chemical weapons were employed.
- Industrial production supported warfare.
- Large-scale destruction occurred.
21. Mention the economic
effects of World War I.
Answer:
- Reduced workforce due to deaths.
- Government debts increased.
- Industries were reorganised for war.
- Economic instability followed the war.
22. What is mass production?
Answer:
- Production of goods in large quantities.
- Uses assembly-line methods.
- Reduces costs and prices.
- Increases efficiency and output.
23. Explain Henry Ford’s
contribution to industrial production.
Answer:
- Introduced assembly-line production.
- Increased speed of manufacturing.
- Reduced production costs.
- Made cars affordable to common people.
24. What were the main causes
of the Great Depression?
Answer:
- Agricultural overproduction.
- Fall in agricultural prices.
- Withdrawal of US loans.
- Banking failures and reduced demand.
25. State the effects of the
Great Depression on India.
Answer:
- Exports and imports declined.
- Agricultural prices crashed.
- Farmers became indebted.
- Rural poverty increased.
26. Why did peasants suffer
more during the Great Depression?
Answer:
- Crop prices fell sharply.
- Revenue demands remained high.
- Debts increased.
- Many sold land and valuables.
27. What were the aims of the
Bretton Woods Conference?
Answer:
- Ensure economic stability.
- Promote international trade.
- Maintain full employment.
- Prevent future economic crises.
28. What functions were
performed by the IMF and World Bank?
Answer:
- IMF managed international monetary stability.
- IMF dealt with balance of payments problems.
- World Bank financed reconstruction.
- World Bank supported development projects.
29. Why was the G-77 formed?
Answer:
- To represent developing countries.
- To demand fair trade practices.
- To seek greater control over resources.
- To establish a New International Economic Order
(NIEO).
30. Why did MNCs shift
production to Asian countries?
Answer:
- Availability of cheap labour.
- Lower production costs.
- Higher profits.
- Expanding global markets.
C.
Long Answer Questions
1.
Explain the importance of the Silk Routes in the pre-modern world.
Answer:
- Silk Routes linked Asia, Europe, and Africa through
land and sea routes.
- Chinese silk, Indian spices, textiles, and pottery
were traded.
- Precious metals like gold and silver moved from
Europe to Asia.
- They encouraged cultural exchanges among different
societies.
- Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam spread through
these routes.
- They promoted economic and social interactions
across continents.
2.
Describe the role of food in creating cultural exchanges.
Answer:
- Traders introduced new crops to different regions.
- Potatoes, tomatoes, maize, and chillies came from
the Americas.
- These crops improved food supply and nutrition.
- Food habits changed across Europe and Asia.
- Different cultures adopted foreign foods.
- This reflected growing global interconnectedness.
3.
Explain how the discovery of America transformed the world.
Answer:
- Opened new trade routes between continents.
- Precious metals increased European wealth.
- New crops spread worldwide.
- Encouraged European colonisation.
- Shifted the centre of world trade towards Europe.
- Expanded global economic exchanges.
4. How
did disease help in the colonisation of the Americas?
Answer:
- Europeans brought diseases like smallpox.
- Native Americans had no immunity.
- Large populations died rapidly.
- Communities and kingdoms weakened.
- Resistance against Europeans declined.
- Colonisation became easier for European powers.
5.
Explain the effects of the abolition of the Corn Laws.
Answer:
- Allowed cheap grain imports into Britain.
- Food prices fell significantly.
- Living standards improved for consumers.
- British agriculture faced competition.
- Many agricultural workers became unemployed.
- Increased migration to cities and overseas.
6. How
did a global agricultural economy emerge by 1890?
Answer:
- Growing British demand increased food imports.
- Agricultural lands expanded in America and
Australia.
- Railways and ports were constructed.
- Capital flowed from financial centres like London.
- Labour migrated to newly developed regions.
- International food trade expanded greatly.
7.
Explain the role of technology in nineteenth-century globalisation.
Answer:
- Railways reduced transport costs.
- Steamships increased speed of trade.
- Telegraph improved communication.
- Refrigerated ships transported perishable goods.
- Technology linked distant markets.
- International trade expanded rapidly.
8.
Explain the importance of refrigerated ships.
Answer:
- Allowed transportation of frozen meat.
- Reduced wastage during long journeys.
- Lowered shipping costs.
- Meat became affordable for ordinary Europeans.
- Improved diets and nutrition.
- Expanded international food trade.
9.
Describe the impact of late nineteenth-century colonialism.
Answer:
- Colonies supplied raw materials.
- European powers gained political control.
- Traditional economies were disrupted.
- Local people lost land and livelihoods.
- Labour exploitation increased.
- Colonies became dependent on Europe.
10.
Explain the causes and effects of Rinderpest in Africa.
Answer:
- Rinderpest entered Africa through infected cattle.
- Nearly 90% of cattle died.
- Livestock-based livelihoods collapsed.
- Famine and poverty increased.
- Africans were forced into wage labour.
- European colonisers strengthened their control.
11.
Why did Indians migrate as indentured labourers?
Answer:
- Poverty and unemployment increased.
- Cottage industries declined.
- Land rents became higher.
- Many peasants fell into debt.
- Agents promised better opportunities abroad.
- Labourers sought improved living conditions.
12.
Why is indentured labour called a “new system of slavery”?
Answer:
- Workers signed restrictive contracts.
- Working conditions were harsh.
- Wages were very low.
- Legal rights were limited.
- False promises attracted migrants.
- Severe punishment was common.
13.
Describe the living conditions of indentured labourers.
Answer:
- Long working hours on plantations.
- Poor housing facilities.
- Low wages and harsh treatment.
- Limited freedom and rights.
- Frequent punishment by employers.
- Cultural adaptation became necessary.
14.
Explain the contribution of Indian entrepreneurs abroad.
Answer:
- Financed export agriculture.
- Provided loans to traders and farmers.
- Facilitated money transfers.
- Supported trade in Southeast Asia.
- Established business networks abroad.
- Promoted overseas commerce.
15.
Explain the impact of colonialism on Indian trade.
Answer:
- British tariffs reduced Indian textile exports.
- British manufactured goods flooded Indian markets.
- Export of raw materials increased.
- Opium became a major export.
- Traditional industries declined.
- India became dependent on British trade policies.
16.
Describe the features of the First World War.
Answer:
- Fought between Allies and Central Powers.
- First modern industrial war.
- Used tanks, aircraft, and machine guns.
- Massive destruction occurred.
- Millions of soldiers died or were injured.
- Economic and social life was disrupted.
17.
Explain the economic effects of the First World War.
Answer:
- Productive workforce declined.
- Government debts increased.
- Industries shifted to war production.
- Women entered the workforce.
- Trade relations weakened.
- Economic instability followed.
18.
Explain the post-war economic problems faced by Britain.
Answer:
- Lost dominance in world markets.
- Faced competition from India and Japan.
- Huge war debts accumulated.
- Production declined after the war.
- Unemployment increased sharply.
- Economic recovery became difficult.
19.
Explain Henry Ford’s contribution to mass production.
Answer:
- Introduced assembly-line production.
- Increased manufacturing speed.
- Reduced production costs.
- Improved efficiency.
- Cars became affordable.
- Revolutionised modern industry.
20.
What were the advantages of mass production?
Answer:
- Lower production costs.
- Increased output.
- Reduced prices of goods.
- Higher consumer demand.
- Greater employment opportunities.
- Expansion of industrial growth.
21.
Explain the causes of the Great Depression.
Answer:
- Agricultural overproduction.
- Falling agricultural prices.
- Withdrawal of US loans.
- Banking failures.
- Reduced consumer demand.
- Decline in international trade.
22.
Explain the effects of the Great Depression on the world.
Answer:
- Industrial production declined.
- Unemployment increased.
- Banks collapsed.
- World trade decreased sharply.
- Poverty became widespread.
- Economic growth slowed globally.
23.
Explain the impact of the Great Depression on India.
Answer:
- Exports and imports nearly halved.
- Agricultural prices fell sharply.
- Farmers became heavily indebted.
- Rural poverty increased.
- Gold exports rose.
- Social unrest spread in villages.
24.
Why did peasants suffer most during the Great Depression?
Answer:
- Crop prices collapsed.
- Revenue demands remained unchanged.
- Debt burden increased.
- Savings were exhausted.
- Land and jewellery were sold.
- Living standards deteriorated.
25.
Explain the causes and consequences of the Second World War.
Answer:
- Aggressive expansion by Axis powers.
- Failure of peace settlements.
- Massive human casualties.
- Economic destruction occurred.
- Cities and industries were devastated.
- Reconstruction became necessary.
26.
What were the aims of the Bretton Woods Conference?
Answer:
- Ensure international economic stability.
- Promote world trade.
- Prevent future depressions.
- Maintain full employment.
- Regulate exchange rates.
- Support post-war reconstruction.
27.
Explain the functions of the IMF.
Answer:
- Maintains monetary stability.
- Assists countries facing payment deficits.
- Promotes international cooperation.
- Supervises exchange rate systems.
- Provides financial assistance.
- Encourages balanced economic growth.
28.
Explain the functions of the World Bank.
Answer:
- Finances reconstruction after wars.
- Provides development loans.
- Supports infrastructure projects.
- Helps reduce poverty.
- Encourages economic growth.
- Assists developing countries.
29.
Why was the G-77 formed? Explain its objectives.
Answer:
- Represented developing countries.
- Demanded fair international trade.
- Sought better prices for raw materials.
- Wanted greater control over resources.
- Requested more development assistance.
- Supported the New International Economic Order
(NIEO).
30.
Explain the factors that led to the rise of globalisation after 1970.
Answer:
- Collapse of the Bretton Woods system.
- Growth of multinational corporations (MNCs).
- Shift of industries to low-wage countries.
- Economic reforms in China and India.
- Expansion of international trade.
- Increased movement of capital and technology.
D. Assertion
& Reason Questions
Instructions:
Choose the correct option:
A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and R
is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.
1.
Assertion (A): The Silk Routes played an important role in
linking different parts of the world.
Reason (R): They facilitated trade as well as cultural and
religious exchanges.
Answer: A
2.
Assertion (A): Potatoes were known in Europe since ancient times.
Reason (R): Potatoes originated in the Americas and were
introduced to Europe after Columbus.
Answer: D
3.
Assertion (A): Smallpox helped Europeans conquer America.
Reason (R): Native Americans had no immunity against the
disease.
Answer: A
4.
Assertion (A): The abolition of the Corn Laws increased food
prices in Britain.
Reason (R): Cheap food imports entered Britain after the
abolition of the Corn Laws.
Answer: D
5.
Assertion (A): Britain's growing food demand contributed to the
formation of a global agricultural economy.
Reason (R): Agricultural production expanded in countries such
as America and Australia.
Answer: A
6.
Assertion (A): Railways and steamships had no role in
nineteenth-century globalisation.
Reason (R): They reduced transport costs and improved
connectivity.
Answer: D
7.
Assertion (A): Refrigerated ships helped increase meat
consumption in Europe.
Reason (R): They made long-distance transport of frozen meat
possible.
Answer: A
8.
Assertion (A): The Berlin Conference of 1885 was related to the
partition of Africa.
Reason (R): European powers divided African territories among
themselves.
Answer: A
9.
Assertion (A): Rinderpest strengthened African economies.
Reason (R): The disease killed nearly 90% of African cattle.
Answer: D
10.
Assertion (A): Indentured labour migration was often called a new
system of slavery.
Reason (R): Labourers faced harsh working and living
conditions with few legal rights.
Answer: A
11.
Assertion (A): Most Indian indentured labourers migrated because
of prosperity in their villages.
Reason (R): Many regions suffered from poverty, rising rents
and declining cottage industries.
Answer: D
12.
Assertion (A): British industrialisation adversely affected
Indian textile exports.
Reason (R): Britain imposed tariffs on imported Indian
textiles.
Answer: A
13.
Assertion (A): The First World War is known as the first modern
industrial war.
Reason (R): Modern industrial technologies like tanks and
machine guns were used extensively.
Answer: A
14.
Assertion (A): The First World War transformed the USA into an
international creditor.
Reason (R): European countries borrowed heavily from the USA
during the war.
Answer: A
15.
Assertion (A): Henry Ford introduced the assembly-line method of
production.
Reason (R): Assembly lines increased production speed and
reduced costs.
Answer: A
16.
Assertion (A): Agricultural overproduction was one of the causes
of the Great Depression.
Reason (R): Excess production led to falling prices and
reduced farm incomes.
Answer: A
17.
Assertion (A): The Great Depression had little impact on India.
Reason (R): India's exports and imports nearly halved between
1928 and 1934.
Answer: D
18.
Assertion (A): The Bretton Woods Conference established the IMF
and World Bank.
Reason (R): The conference aimed to promote international
economic stability after World War II.
Answer: A
19.
Assertion (A): The G-77 consisted mainly of developing countries.
Reason (R): These countries demanded a New International
Economic Order (NIEO).
Answer: A
20.
Assertion (A): Multinational corporations shifted production to
Asian countries after the 1970s.
Reason (R): Countries like China offered low-cost labour and
production.
Answer: A
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