3:
GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE
A.
MCQs
1.
Gender division is primarily based on:
A.
Biology
B. Social expectations
C. Religion
D. Caste
Answer:
B. Social expectations
2.
The sexual division of labour means:
A.
Equal work distribution
B. Work division based on gender
C. Political division
D. Economic division
Answer:
B. Work division based on gender
3.
Which work is generally considered part of the private sphere?
A.
Voting
B. Contesting elections
C. Cooking and child care
D. Running a government
Answer:
C. Cooking and child care
4.
Feminist movements demand:
A.
Male domination
B. Equal rights for women
C. Religious reforms only
D. Caste equality only
Answer:
B. Equal rights for women
5.
A feminist is:
A.
A woman only
B. A political leader
C. Anyone supporting gender equality
D. A social reformer only
Answer:
C. Anyone supporting gender equality
6.
Patriarchy refers to:
A.
Rule by women
B. Rule by religion
C. Rule by father/men
D. Rule by caste
Answer:
C. Rule by father/men
7.
Which of the following reflects patriarchy?
A.
Equal wages
B. Women dominating politics
C. Men having more power than women
D. Equal opportunities
Answer:
C. Men having more power than women
8.
According to the chapter, women's work often remains:
A.
Recognised
B. Paid
C. Invisible and unpaid
D. Highly valued
Answer:
C. Invisible and unpaid
9.
Which Act provides equal wages for equal work?
A.
Education Act
B. Equal Remuneration Act, 1976
C. Labour Act
D. Equality Act
Answer:
B. Equal Remuneration Act, 1976
10.
The decline in child sex ratio is mainly due to:
A.
Migration
B. Poverty
C. Sex-selective abortion
D. Urbanisation
Answer:
C. Sex-selective abortion
11.
Women's representation in Indian legislatures is:
A.
Very high
B. Moderate
C. Low
D. Equal to men
Answer:
C. Low
12.
Reservation for women was first introduced significantly in:
A.
Parliament
B. Panchayati Raj Institutions
C. Supreme Court
D. Cabinet
Answer:
B. Panchayati Raj Institutions
13.
Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam provides:
A.
50% reservation
B. 25% reservation
C. 33% reservation
D. 10% reservation
Answer:
C. 33% reservation
14.
Religion can positively influence politics through:
A.
Violence
B. Moral values
C. Riots
D. Hatred
Answer:
B. Moral values
15.
Communalism begins when:
A.
Religion guides morality
B. Religion becomes the basis of politics
C. People worship freely
D. Minorities get rights
Answer:
B. Religion becomes the basis of politics
16.
Communal politics is based on the belief that:
A.
All religions are equal
B. Religion is the principal basis of community
C. Religion has no political role
D. Caste is superior
Answer:
B. Religion is the principal basis of community
17.
Which is NOT a form of communalism?
A.
Religious prejudice
B. Political mobilisation
C. Secularism
D. Communal violence
Answer:
C. Secularism
18.
Religious stereotypes are an example of:
A.
Secularism
B. Everyday communalism
C. Democracy
D. Federalism
Answer:
B. Everyday communalism
19.
Political mobilisation on religious lines uses:
A.
Scientific arguments
B. Religious symbols and leaders
C. Economic policies only
D. None of these
Answer:
B. Religious symbols and leaders
20.
The most ugly form of communalism is:
A.
Debate
B. Campaigning
C. Violence and riots
D. Voting
Answer:
C. Violence and riots
21.
India is a:
A.
Religious state
B. Hindu state
C. Secular state
D. Christian state
Answer:
C. Secular state
22.
A secular state means:
A.
Supporting one religion
B. Opposing all religions
C. Equal treatment of all religions
D. Promoting majority religion
Answer:
C. Equal treatment of all religions
23.
Which freedom is guaranteed by the Constitution?
A.
Freedom to practise religion
B. Freedom to discriminate
C. Freedom to dominate
D. Freedom to exclude
Answer:
A. Freedom to practise religion
24.
The Constitution prohibits discrimination on the basis of:
A.
Religion
B. Language
C. Gender
D. All of these
Answer:
D. All of these
25.
Untouchability is banned because:
A.
It promotes equality
B. It causes discrimination
C. It supports democracy
D. It increases literacy
Answer:
B. It causes discrimination
26.
Caste system is unique mainly to:
A.
China
B. India
C. USA
D. Japan
Answer:
B. India
27.
Caste system is based on:
A.
Hereditary occupations
B. Elections
C. Religion only
D. Language
Answer:
A. Hereditary occupations
28.
Members of the same caste traditionally:
A.
Married outside caste
B. Married within caste
C. Avoided occupations
D. Lived abroad
Answer:
B. Married within caste
29.
Untouchability affected:
A.
Upper castes
B. Outcastes
C. All castes equally
D. Foreigners
Answer:
B. Outcastes
30.
Who strongly fought against caste discrimination?
A.
Ambedkar
B. Gandhi
C. Phule
D. All of these
Answer:
D. All of these
31.
Which factor weakened traditional caste hierarchy?
A.
Literacy
B. Urbanisation
C. Education
D. All of these
Answer:
D. All of these
32.
Occupational mobility means:
A.
Shifting residence
B. Shifting occupation
C. Voting mobility
D. Social mobility only
Answer:
B. Shifting occupation
33.
Urbanisation means:
A.
Moving to villages
B. Growth of rural areas
C. Shift from rural to urban areas
D. Population decline
Answer:
C. Shift from rural to urban areas
34.
Even today most marriages occur:
A.
Across religions
B. Across castes
C. Within caste groups
D. Internationally
Answer:
C. Within caste groups
35.
Caste continues to be linked with:
A.
Economic status
B. Geography
C. Weather
D. Climate
Answer:
A. Economic status
36.
Casteism is based on the belief that:
A.
Religion is supreme
B. Gender is supreme
C. Caste is the principal basis of community
D. Language is supreme
Answer:
C. Caste is the principal basis of community
37.
Political parties select candidates by considering:
A.
Weather conditions
B. Caste composition of voters
C. Religion only
D. Language only
Answer:
B. Caste composition of voters
38.
Universal adult franchise means:
A.
Voting rights to all adults
B. Voting rights to men only
C. Voting rights to rich people
D. Voting rights to women only
Answer:
A. Voting rights to all adults
39.
No constituency has:
A.
Different castes
B. Different religions
C. Majority of only one caste everywhere
D. Voters
Answer:
C. Majority of only one caste everywhere
40.
The term "vote bank" refers to:
A.
Election commission
B. Group voting largely for one party
C. Political funding
D. Government treasury
Answer:
B. Group voting largely for one party
41.
Which factor besides caste influences voting?
A.
Government performance
B. Leadership
C. Party preference
D. All of these
Answer:
D. All of these
42.
Politics influences caste through:
A.
Politicisation of caste
B. Removal of caste
C. Elimination of voting
D. Religious conversion
Answer:
A. Politicisation of caste
43.
Caste groups often form:
A.
Riots
B. Coalitions
C. Governments only
D. Courts
Answer:
B. Coalitions
44.
Caste politics has helped:
A.
Dalits gain representation
B. OBCs gain representation
C. Weaker groups gain power
D. All of these
Answer:
D. All of these
45.
A negative effect of caste politics is:
A.
Social justice
B. Better representation
C. Social tensions and violence
D. Equality
Answer:
C. Social tensions and violence
46.
Which social division is generally considered positive when raised politically?
A.
Gender inequality issues
B. Communalism
C. Religious violence
D. Caste hatred
Answer:
A. Gender inequality issues
47.
Communalism threatens:
A.
Democracy
B. National unity
C. Secularism
D. All of these
Answer:
D. All of these
48.
Which statement is correct?
A.
Politics only affects caste
B. Caste only affects politics
C. Caste and politics influence each other
D. Neither affects the other
Answer:
C. Caste and politics influence each other
49.
The chapter concludes that social divisions:
A.
Always harm democracy
B. Always strengthen democracy
C. Can strengthen or weaken democracy depending on how they are expressed
D. Have no effect on democracy
Answer:
C. Can strengthen or weaken democracy depending on how they are expressed
50.
The central message of the chapter is:
A.
Diversity is a threat to democracy
B. Social divisions should be ignored
C. Democracy must address social inequalities while preventing hatred and
domination
D. Religion should control politics
Answer:
C. Democracy must address social inequalities while preventing hatred and
domination
B. Short Answer Questions
1. What is Gender Division?
Answer:
- Gender division refers to unequal roles
assigned to men and women by society.
- It is based on social expectations, not
biology.
- Women are usually assigned household work.
- Men are generally associated with public and
political activities.
2. What is Sexual Division of Labour?
Answer:
- It is a system where work is divided according
to gender.
- Women mainly perform household work.
- Men are expected to work outside the home.
- This division often leads to inequality.
3. Why is gender division considered a political issue?
Answer:
- It involves unequal distribution of power.
- Women have less participation in
decision-making.
- Their work often remains unpaid and
unrecognized.
- Feminist movements raised these issues
politically.
4. What are Feminist Movements?
Answer:
- Movements demanding equal rights for women.
- They seek equal opportunities in education and
employment.
- They demand political equality and voting
rights.
- They also fight discrimination in family life.
5. What is Patriarchy?
Answer:
- Patriarchy is a system that values men more
than women.
- Men hold greater authority in society and
family.
- Women face discrimination and fewer
opportunities.
- India is still largely a patriarchal society.
6. Mention any four problems faced by women in India.
Answer:
- Lower literacy rate than men.
- Unequal wages for equal work.
- Underrepresentation in politics.
- Violence and harassment against women.
7. Why is women's work often undervalued?
Answer:
- Much of women's work is unpaid.
- Household work is not counted as economic
activity.
- Society often ignores domestic labour.
- Their contribution remains invisible.
8. Why is women's representation in politics low?
Answer:
- Society remains male-dominated.
- Political opportunities are fewer for women.
- Traditional gender roles limit participation.
- Women face social and economic barriers.
9. What is the significance of reservation for women?
Answer:
- It increases women's participation in
politics.
- It gives women a voice in decision-making.
- It promotes gender equality.
- It helps address women's issues effectively.
10. What is Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, 2023?
Answer:
- It provides 33%
reservation for women.
- Applies to Lok Sabha.
- Applies to State
Legislative Assemblies.
- Promotes greater
political participation of women.
RELIGION, COMMUNALISM AND POLITICS
11. How can religion positively influence politics?
Answer:
- Religion promotes moral
values.
- It encourages justice and
equality.
- It can support human
rights.
- It guides ethical
political behaviour.
12. What is Communalism?
Answer:
- It is the belief that
religion is the main basis of community.
- Followers of one religion
are considered a separate political group.
- It creates divisions
among people.
- It can threaten
democracy.
13. Why is communalism considered dangerous?
Answer:
- It creates hatred among communities.
- It weakens national unity.
- It leads to violence and riots.
- It threatens democracy and secularism.
14. Mention any four forms of communalism.
Answer:
- Religious prejudices and
stereotypes.
- Quest for political
dominance.
- Political mobilisation on
religious lines.
- Communal violence and
riots.
15. What is political mobilisation on religious lines?
Answer:
- Use of religion for
political support.
- Religious symbols are
used in campaigns.
- Religious leaders
influence voters.
- It divides people on
religious grounds.
16. What is communal violence?
Answer:
- It is the most extreme
form of communalism.
- It involves riots and
clashes.
- It causes loss of life
and property.
- It creates social tension
and fear.
17. What is a Secular State?
Answer:
- A secular state treats
all religions equally.
- It has no official
religion.
- It protects religious
freedom.
- It prevents religious
discrimination.
18. Mention any four features of Indian secularism.
Answer:
- No official state religion.
- Freedom to profess any religion.
- Freedom to practice any religion.
- Prohibition of religious discrimination.
19. How does the Constitution protect religious freedom?
Answer:
- Citizens can follow any religion.
- Citizens can practice any religion.
- Citizens can propagate their religion.
- Citizens may choose not to follow any
religion.
20. Why is secularism important in India?
Answer:
- India has many religions.
- It promotes equality
among communities.
- It prevents communal
conflicts.
- It strengthens national
unity.
CASTE AND POLITICS
21. What is the caste system?
Answer:
- It is a hereditary social
division.
- Occupations are
traditionally linked to birth.
- People marry within their
caste.
- Castes are arranged in a
hierarchy.
22. Mention any four features of the traditional caste system.
Answer:
- Occupations passed from
one generation to another.
- Marriage within caste
groups.
- Social separation among
castes.
- Hierarchical ranking of
castes.
23. What is Untouchability?
Answer:
- It was discrimination against certain castes.
- These groups were considered
"outcastes".
- They faced social exclusion.
- It is now prohibited by the Constitution.
24. How has the caste system changed in modern India?
Answer:
- Urbanisation has weakened
caste barriers.
- Education has increased
awareness.
- Occupational mobility has
grown.
- Constitutional reforms
reduced discrimination.
25. Why has caste not completely disappeared?
Answer:
- Many people still marry
within caste.
- Untouchability continues
in some places.
- Economic inequalities
remain.
- Caste identities continue
to influence society.
26. What is Casteism?
Answer:
- It is the belief that caste is the main basis
of community.
- It promotes loyalty to one's caste.
- It may create social divisions.
- It can influence political behaviour.
27. How does caste influence politics?
Answer:
- Parties consider caste
while selecting candidates.
- Voters may support
candidates from their caste.
- Political parties seek
caste-based support.
- Governments include
different caste groups.
28. Why cannot caste alone determine election results?
Answer:
- No constituency has only
one caste majority.
- Voters support different
parties.
- Government performance
influences voting.
- Leadership and issues
also matter.
29. What are the positive effects of caste politics?
Answer:
- Gives voice to disadvantaged groups.
- Increases representation of Dalits and OBCs.
- Promotes social justice.
- Improves access to power and resources.
30. What are the negative effects of caste politics?
Answer:
- Creates social divisions.
- Encourages caste-based conflicts.
- Can lead to violence.
- Diverts attention from development issues.
C. Long Answer Questions
1. Explain the concept of Gender Division.
Answer:
1. Gender division refers to
unequal roles assigned by society to men and women.
2. It is based on social
expectations rather than biological differences.
3. Women are generally associated
with household work and child care.
4. Men are generally associated
with public and political activities.
5. This unequal division creates
discrimination against women.
6. It results in unequal
opportunities and status in society.
2. Explain the Sexual Division of Labour.
Answer:
1. Sexual division of labour
means division of work according to gender.
2. Women are expected to perform
domestic work.
3. Men are expected to work
outside the home.
4. Household work performed by
women is often unpaid.
5. Women's contribution remains
unrecognized in many societies.
6. This system contributes to
gender inequality.
3. Explain the objectives of Feminist Movements.
Answer:
1. Feminist movements aim to
achieve equality between men and women.
2. They demand equal educational
opportunities.
3. They seek equal employment
opportunities.
4. They demand equal political
rights and representation.
5. They oppose discrimination and
violence against women.
6. They work for equal status in
family and society.
4. Explain the problems faced by women in India.
Answer:
1. Women have lower literacy
rates compared to men.
2. They receive lower wages for
similar work.
3. They are underrepresented in
political institutions.
4. Female foeticide has affected
the child sex ratio.
5. Women face domestic violence
and harassment.
6. Much of their household work
remains unpaid and unrecognized.
5. Explain the status of women in the field of
education and employment.
Answer:
1. Female literacy is lower than
male literacy.
2. Many girls leave school before
completing education.
3. Women are underrepresented in
highly paid jobs.
4. They often receive lower wages
than men.
5. Professional opportunities
remain unequal.
6. Despite progress,
discrimination continues in education and employment.
6. Explain the importance of women's political
representation.
Answer:
1. Women form nearly half of
India's population.
2. Their participation improves
democratic representation.
3. Women leaders can raise issues
affecting women.
4. Political participation
promotes gender equality.
5. Reservation increases women's
involvement in governance.
6. It strengthens democracy by
making decision-making inclusive.
7. Explain the significance of reservation for
women in India.
Answer:
1. Reservation ensures women's
participation in politics.
2. One-third seats are reserved
in Panchayati Raj institutions.
3. It gives women an opportunity
to participate in decision-making.
4. It increases awareness of
women's issues.
5. It promotes political
empowerment of women.
6. It helps achieve gender
equality in governance.
8. What is Patriarchy? Explain its major features.
Answer:
1. Patriarchy is a social system
dominated by men.
2. Men enjoy greater authority in
family and society.
3. Women have fewer opportunities
and rights.
4. Men dominate political and
economic institutions.
5. Gender discrimination is
common in patriarchal societies.
6. India continues to show many
patriarchal features.
9. Explain how religion can influence politics
positively.
Answer:
1. Religion promotes moral and
ethical values.
2. It encourages justice and
social welfare.
3. Religious teachings often
support equality and compassion.
4. Religious leaders may work for
social reforms.
5. Religion can inspire movements
for human rights.
6. It can guide political leaders
towards ethical decisions.
10. What is Communalism? Explain.
Answer:
1. Communalism is the belief that
religion is the principal basis of community.
2. It considers followers of one
religion as a separate political group.
3. It assumes common interests
among followers of the same religion.
4. It promotes division between
religious communities.
5. It can create social and
political conflicts.
6. It poses a threat to democracy
and national unity.
11. Explain the different forms of Communalism.
Answer:
1. Religious prejudices and
stereotypes.
2. Belief in superiority of one
religion over others.
3. Political mobilisation on
religious lines.
4. Demand for dominance by a
religious community.
5. Use of religion during
elections.
6. Communal violence and riots.
12. Why is Communalism dangerous for democracy?
Answer:
1. It creates divisions among
citizens.
2. It promotes hatred between
religious groups.
3. It leads to communal violence
and riots.
4. It weakens national unity.
5. It diverts attention from
development issues.
6. It threatens democratic values
and secularism.
13. Explain political mobilisation on religious
lines.
Answer:
1. Political parties use religion
to gain support.
2. Religious symbols are used
during campaigns.
3. Religious leaders may
influence voters.
4. Emotional religious appeals
are made.
5. Communities are mobilised on
religious identities.
6. It may create divisions among
citizens.
14. Explain the meaning and importance of
Secularism.
Answer:
1. Secularism means equal
treatment of all religions.
2. The state does not favour any
religion.
3. It protects religious freedom.
4. It promotes equality among
citizens.
5. It prevents religious
discrimination.
6. It helps maintain national
unity and democracy.
15. Explain the constitutional features of a
secular state in India.
Answer:
1. India has no official
religion.
2. Citizens can follow any
religion.
3. Citizens can practice and
propagate religion freely.
4. Discrimination on religious
grounds is prohibited.
5. The state treats all religions
equally.
6. The state can intervene to
remove discriminatory practices.
16. Why is secularism important in India?
Answer:
1. India is a multi-religious
country.
2. Secularism promotes peaceful
coexistence.
3. It protects minority rights.
4. It ensures equality among
citizens.
5. It reduces communal tensions.
6. It strengthens democracy and
national integration.
17. Explain the main features of the caste system.
Answer:
1. Caste is determined by birth.
2. Occupations were traditionally
hereditary.
3. Marriage occurred within caste
groups.
4. Society was divided into
hierarchical groups.
5. Social interaction was
restricted.
6. Lower castes faced
discrimination.
18. Explain the evils of the caste system.
Answer:
1. It promotes social inequality.
2. It creates discrimination
among people.
3. Lower castes suffer social
exclusion.
4. Untouchability emerged from
the caste system.
5. It limits social mobility.
6. It weakens social unity.
19. Explain the role of social reformers in
fighting caste discrimination.
Answer:
1. Reformers opposed caste-based
inequalities.
2. Jyotiba Phule worked for lower
castes.
3. Mahatma Gandhi fought
untouchability.
4. B. R. Ambedkar worked for
Dalit rights.
5. Periyar E. V. Ramasamy opposed
caste hierarchy.
6. Their efforts helped promote
social equality.
20. Explain how caste inequalities continue in
India.
Answer:
1. Most marriages still take
place within castes.
2. Untouchability continues in
some areas.
3. Economic inequalities persist
among castes.
4. Upper castes dominate many
professions.
5. Lower castes often have fewer
opportunities.
6. Social discrimination still
exists.
21. Explain the factors that weakened the caste
system.
Answer:
1. Urbanisation reduced caste
barriers.
2. Education increased awareness.
3. Industrialisation created new
jobs.
4. Constitutional reforms
promoted equality.
5. Occupational mobility
increased.
6. Democratic politics empowered
weaker groups.
22. What is casteism? Explain its effects.
Answer:
1. Casteism is loyalty towards
one's caste.
2. It treats caste as the main
social identity.
3. It creates divisions among
communities.
4. It encourages discrimination.
5. It may influence voting
behaviour.
6. It can weaken national unity.
23. Explain the relationship between caste and
politics.
Answer:
1. Caste influences political
decisions.
2. Parties consider caste while
selecting candidates.
3. Voters may support candidates
from their caste.
4. Politics also changes caste
identities.
5. Different castes form
alliances and coalitions.
6. Thus caste and politics
influence each other.
24. Explain how caste influences politics in India.
Answer:
1. Political parties consider
caste composition of voters.
2. Candidates are selected
accordingly.
3. Castes are mobilised for
electoral support.
4. Governments try to include
different caste groups.
5. Caste-based organisations
influence politics.
6. Electoral strategies often
consider caste equations.
25. Explain why caste alone cannot determine
election results.
Answer:
1. No constituency has only one
dominant caste.
2. Candidates require support
from many groups.
3. Voters consider leadership
qualities.
4. Government performance affects
voting.
5. Political parties influence
voter choices.
6. Economic and local issues also
matter.
26. Explain the politicisation of caste.
Answer:
1. Politics brings caste groups
into public life.
2. Small castes combine into
larger groups.
3. Castes form alliances with
other communities.
4. New caste identities emerge
politically.
5. Political participation
increases awareness.
6. Caste becomes organised for
political purposes.
27. Explain the positive effects of caste politics.
Answer:
1. It gives representation to
weaker sections.
2. Dalits gain access to
decision-making.
3. OBCs receive political
recognition.
4. Social justice issues gain
attention.
5. Marginalised groups demand
equal rights.
6. Democracy becomes more
inclusive.
28. Explain the negative effects of caste politics.
Answer:
1. It promotes caste divisions.
2. It encourages vote-bank
politics.
3. It may create social tensions.
4. Caste conflicts can lead to
violence.
5. Development issues may be
ignored.
6. It weakens social harmony.
29. Compare Communalism and Secularism.
Answer:
1. Communalism divides people on
religious lines.
2. Secularism treats all
religions equally.
3. Communalism creates conflict.
4. Secularism promotes harmony.
5. Communalism threatens
democracy.
6. Secularism strengthens
democracy.
30. Explain the central message of the chapter
“Gender, Religion and Caste”.
Answer:
1. Society contains many forms of
diversity.
2. Gender, religion and caste
create social divisions.
3. Democracy should address
social inequalities.
4. Political participation helps
disadvantaged groups gain rights.
5. Communalism and caste hatred
can weaken democracy.
6. Equality, justice and
inclusion strengthen democratic society.
D. Assertion–Reason Questions
Choose the correct option:
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
(R) are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason
(R) are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but
Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false, but
Reason (R) is true.
1.
Assertion (A): Gender division is mainly
based on social expectations.
Reason (R): Society assigns different
roles to men and women.
Answer: A
✔ Gender division arises
because society assigns unequal roles to men and women.
2.
Assertion (A): Household work performed by
women is often undervalued.
Reason (R): Most household work is unpaid
and not counted as productive work.
Answer: A
✔ Unpaid nature of domestic
work causes undervaluation.
3.
Assertion (A): Feminist movements oppose
gender discrimination.
Reason (R): Feminists demand equal rights
and opportunities for women.
Answer: A
✔ Demand for equality is the
basis of feminist movements.
4.
Assertion (A): India is a patriarchal
society.
Reason (R): Men generally enjoy more
power and authority than women.
Answer: A
✔ Patriarchy means male
dominance in society.
5.
Assertion (A): Women's representation in
legislative bodies remains low.
Reason (R): Women face social and
political barriers to participation.
Answer: A
✔ Social barriers contribute to
low representation.
6.
Assertion (A): Religion can contribute
positively to politics.
Reason (R): Religion promotes moral
values and ethical principles.
Answer: A
✔ Moral values can positively
influence political actions.
7.
Assertion (A): Communalism is beneficial for
democracy.
Reason (R): Communalism creates divisions
based on religion.
Answer: D
✔ Assertion is false.
✔ Reason is true.
8.
Assertion (A): Communal politics is based on
the belief that followers of one religion form one community.
Reason (R): Communalism treats religion
as the principal basis of political identity.
Answer: A
✔ Reason correctly explains
Assertion.
9.
Assertion (A): Communal violence is the most
extreme form of communalism.
Reason (R): It often results in riots and
loss of life.
Answer: A
✔ Violence is the most
dangerous manifestation of communalism.
10.
Assertion (A): India has an official state
religion.
Reason (R): The Constitution declares
India a secular state.
Answer: D
✔ Assertion is false.
✔ Reason is true.
11.
Assertion (A): The Indian Constitution
guarantees freedom of religion.
Reason (R): Citizens are free to profess,
practice and propagate religion.
Answer: A
✔ Reason directly explains
Assertion.
12.
Assertion (A): Caste system was
traditionally linked to occupation.
Reason (R): Occupations were generally
hereditary in the caste system.
Answer: A
✔ Occupation passed from one
generation to another.
13.
Assertion (A): Untouchability has been
legally abolished in India.
Reason (R): The Constitution promotes
equality among citizens.
Answer: A
✔ Equality provisions led to
abolition of untouchability.
14.
Assertion (A): Urbanisation has weakened caste
barriers.
Reason (R): Urban areas provide more
occupational opportunities.
Answer: A
✔ Occupational mobility reduces
caste restrictions.
15.
Assertion (A): Most marriages in India still
occur within caste groups.
Reason (R): Endogamy remains a strong
feature of the caste system.
Answer: A
✔ Endogamy means marrying
within one's caste.
16.
Assertion (A): Caste alone determines
election results in India.
Reason (R): Voters consider many factors
besides caste.
Answer: D
✔ Assertion is false.
✔ Reason is true.
17.
Assertion (A): Political parties often
consider caste while selecting candidates.
Reason (R): Different castes form an
important part of the electorate.
Answer: A
✔ Electoral calculations
influence candidate selection.
18.
Assertion (A): Politics influences caste as
well.
Reason (R): Different caste groups form
alliances and coalitions in politics.
Answer: A
✔ Political processes reshape
caste identities.
19.
Assertion (A): Caste politics can strengthen
democracy.
Reason (R): It provides representation to
disadvantaged communities.
Answer: A
✔ Representation increases
democratic participation.
20.
Assertion (A): Social divisions always
weaken democracy.
Reason (R): Political expression of
social inequalities can help disadvantaged groups gain rights.
Answer: D
✔ Assertion is false.
✔ Reason is true.
*****