CHAPTER-01: RESOURCES
A. Multiple Choice Questions
(MCQs)
1. Which of these have some
utility?
a) Water b) Electricity c)
Vegetables d) All of these
2. Which of these have economic
value?
a) Landscape b) Home remedies c) Metals d)
None of these
3. Resources are distributed
unequally over the earth because of
a) The different natural
resources
b) Level of development
c) Technological levels
d) All of these
4. Resources drawn from nature
and used without much modification are called
a) Human made resources
b) Natural resources
c) Cultural resources
d) None of these
5. The basis of classification
of resources are
a) Level of development and use c) stock and distribution
b) Origin d)
All of these
6. The resources whose
quantities are known, named as
a) Potential resources c) Actual
resources
b) Stock resources d) All of these
7. The resources whose
quantities are not known, named as
c) Potential resources c) Actual resources
d) Stock resources d) All of
these
8. Coal is an examples of
a) Renewable resources c) Human resources
b) Non-renewable resources d) Potential resources
9. Give an examples of biotic
resources
a) Rocks b) Minerals c)
Soils d) Animals
10. Technology is an example of-
a) Natural resources c) Both a and b
b) Human Made resources d) None of these
11. Resources used carefully and
give them time to get renewed is called
a) Resources Depletion c) Resources Pollution
b) Resources conservation d) None of these
12. Balancing the needs to use
resources and also conserves them for future
generation is called
a) Development c) Devaluation
b) Sustainable Development d) All of these
13. The resources which can be used directly without any
modification are called _____
A) Non-renewable resources C) Sustainable resources
B) Natural resources D) Both B and C
14.
The Machinery and vehicles are
examples of ______
A) Human-made resources C) Sustainable development
B) Human resources D) Conservative
Resources
15.
Which one of the following is a
principle of Sustainable Development?
A) Balance between use and conservation
of resources
B) Cut the trees.
C) Use vehicles that cause pollution
D) Allow industries to carry on illegal mining
16.
How can we conserve resources?
A) Allow illegal mining
B) Invent new technologies.
C) Give resources time to get renewed.
D) Allow industries to demolish forests
17.
Sustainable Development is
A) A right Balance between use of
resources and conservation of resources
B) Allow the resources to be renewed
C) Promote recycling of technological devices
D) Allow clearing of forests to construct apartments
18.
Which of the following is an
example of Human Resources?
A) Forests
B) Latest Technologies
C) People
D) Animals & Birds
19.
The example of non-renewable
resources are
A) Petrol and Gases
B) Solar Energy
C) Wind Energy
D) Tidal Energy
20.
The example of human-made resources
are
A) Wind energy
B) Coal
C) Buildings
D) Jungles
21.
When natural substances change form
to become resources, they are called
A) Renewable resources
B) Non – renewable resources
C) Human – made resources
D) Conservative Resources
22.
The amount of resources available
for use are called
A) Conservative resources
B) Stock of resources
C) Sustainable resources
D) Man-made resources
23.
A substance or object becomes
resource because of its
A) features
B) utility
C) prices
D) renewability
24.
Which of the following resources
have maximum economic value?
A) Metals
B) Desert regions
C) Roads
D) Landscapes
25.
How do you implement exclusive
rights over an invention?
A) By patenting it
B) By selling it to any company
C) By selling it to government authorities
D) Not revealing it
26.
The resources which take millions
of years to get renewed are
A) Renewable resources
B) Non-renewable resources
C) Solar power
D) Human resources
27.
Processed food is an example of
A) Natural resources
B) Human – made resources
C) Resources in stock
D) Non-renewable resources
28.
The number and ability of people is
usually referred as
A) Human resources
B) Stock of resources
C) Natural resources
D) Renewable resources
29.
Tropical forests are an example of
A) Natural resources
B) Conservative resources
C) Man – made resources
D) Non-renewable resources
30.
Which of these is not an example of
sustainable development?
A)Illegal mining
B) Balancing use of resources
C) Conserve the diversity of the earth
D) Let wild animals remain in their natural habitat
31.
Which of the following is an
example of renewable Resources?
A) Solar energy
B) Cutting of trees
C) Diesel usage
D) killing animals
32.
Improving the quality of human
lives is an example of
A) Stock of resources
B) Human resources
C) Sustainable development
D) Utility
B.
Very
Short Answer Type Questions
1. What is the condition for a substance to be called a resource?
Answer:
A substance needs to have some utility to be called a resource.
2. What do you understand by the word “utility”?
Answer:
If a substance can be used in any way, it is said to have a utility.
3. What are natural resources?
Answer:
Resources that are drawn directly from nature are called natural resources.
4. What is the name given to the type of resources that have
limited stock?
Answer:
The resources having limited stock are called non-renewable resources.
5. How are resources classified according to their distribution?
Answer:
On the basis of their distribution, resources are classified into ubiquitous
and localised.
6. Give three examples of abiotic resources.
Answer:
Air, land, soils.
7. How are human-made resources different from natural resources?
Answer:
Human-made resources Jiave been created by human beings, whereas natural
resources are provided by nature.
8. What is human resource development?
Answer.
Improving the quality of human skills in order to make them more useful is
called human resource development.
C.
Short
Answer Type Questions
1. Explain the terms resource conservation and sustainable
development.
Answer.
Resource conservation is the concept of using resources carefully so that they
do not end up quickly. The future generations also need the resources, but if
we keep using them at a fast pace, they may end up, thus posing problems for
the future. We should use resources in such a balanced way that we satisfy our
needs as well as conserve them for future. This concept is called sustainable
development.
2. Why are human beings resources?
Answer.
Human beings are intelligent living beings. They can use their intelligence to
realise the utility of substances. Had there been no humans, the resources
would not have been resources. Human beings are interdependent on each other,
and they prove useful to each other. For example, a postman renders us an
important service, so he is a resource.
3. Explain how resources are classified broadly.
Answer.
Resources are broadly classified into natural, human-made and human. Natural
resources are those that are taken from nature. They are used without modifying
them, i.e. in the same form as they exist in. Rivers, lakes, air, soils,
minerals, trees, mountains, etc. are natural resources. Human-made resources
have not been provided to us by nature. Human beings have used their
intelligence to manufacture them for their own use. Examples include vehicles,
buildings, roads, telephone, etc.
Human resources include people who serve us in any way. A teacher, doctor,
carpenter, cobbler, etc. are human resources.
4. Write a short note on the significance of time and technology in
making a substance a resource.
Answer.
Time and technology are important factors in making substances resources. With
time, technology develops. As technology develops, we begin to discover new
ways to make life better. In this process, certain substances which were
useless to us earlier become useful. An invention and discovery gives us new
resources. An example is hydroelectricity. This technology has made water a
source of electricity.
5. As human beings, how can we ensure sustainable development?
Answer.
Since we live on the earth, it is our duty to practice sustainable development.
We can do this by ensuring that:
(a) The usage of renewable resources is sustainable,
(b) The diversity of life on earth is maintained,
(c) The damage caused to nature by our activities is’as Tow as possible.
D.
Long Answer Type Questions
1. Describe how resources are classified.
Answer.
Resources are broadly classified into natural, human-made and human. Natural
resources are those that are taken from nature. They are used without modifying
them, i.e. in the same form as they exist in. Rivers, lakes, air, soils,
minerals, trees, mountains, etc. are natural resources. Human-made resources
have not been provided to us by nature. Human beings have used their
intelligence to manufacture them for their own use. Examples include vehicles,
buildings, roads, telephone, etc.
Human resources include people who serve us in any way. A teacher, doctor,
carpenter, cobbler, etc are human resources.
On the basis of level,of development, a resource can be actual or potential. An
actual resource is one which is used currently. We know their quantity. A
potential resource is one whose utility is not known at present or is not used
despite having utility; instead it may be useful at some time in future. It
means that it has the potential to have utility, although it does not have any
today.
On the basis of origin, a resource
can be abiotic or biotic. A biotic resource is one that has life. An abiotic
resource is non-living. Natural resources may also be classified as renewable
and non¬renewable. A renewable resource can be used without any risk of its
ending up. They exist in unlimited quantity. On the other hand, use of
non-renewable resources need to be controlled since once they end up, they
cannot be renewed.
On the basis of distribution, a resource can be ubiquitous or localised. A
ubiquitous resource is found everywhere. A localised resource is however found
in certain parts of the world only.
************
CHAPTER-02 : LAND,
SOIL, WATER, NATURAL VEGETATION & WILDLIFE
A. Multiple Choice Questions
(MCQs)
Q1. 90% of the total world population resides
in .................. of the land area.
(a) 10% (b)
20% (c) 30% (d)40%
Q2. The thin layer of grainy
substance covering the surface of the earth is called ..................
(a) Soil (b) Land (c)
Minerals (d) Humus
Q3. The breaking up of rocks is known as-
(a) Erosion (b) Reclamation (c) Degradation (d) Weathering
Q4. .................. is a process in which
heavy rains wash away the fertile part of the soil.
(a) Cultivating (b) Mulching (c)
Leaching (d) Conservation
Q5. Out of the total fresh water
available, nearly .................. is in the form of "ICE" and is
found in glaciers in Antarctica, Greenland, mountain regions, etc.
(a) 1% (b) 2% (c) 3% (d)4%
Q6. .................. is the
decline in the productive capacity of land for some time or permanently.
(a) Land Reclamation (b) Land
Degradation (c)
Land use (d) Land Profile
Q7. Natural Vegetation and wildlife exist
only in the narrow zone called ..................
(a) Lithosphere (b) Hydrosphere (c) Atmosphere (d) Biosphere
Q8. Species of some animals are on the verge of extinction as their
population has decreased considerably. Such species are known as
..................
(a)Endangered
Species (b) Extinct Species
(c) Dying Species (d)
Dead Species
Q9. Sliding of huge debris, rocks and other
material down the slope is know as ..................
(a) Volcanic Eruptions (b)
Landslides (c)
Earthquakes (d) Tsunami
Q10. Which factor is not responsible for the
formation of soil?
(a) Time (b) Organisms (c) Technology (d)
Relief
Q11. .................. of the earth's
surface is covered with water.
(a) One-Fourth (b) Two-Fourth (c)
Three-Fourth (d)
Fourth-Fourth
Q12. Trees in these .................. shed
their leaves in a particular season in order to conserve loss of moisture
through transpiration: (select the incorrect one)
(a) Evergreen Forests (b) Tundra (c)
Deforestation (d)Deciduous Forests
Q13. Species of plants and animals that do
not exist now but existed in the past are called ..................
(a) Endangered Species(b) Extinct Species(c) Dying Species(d)
Dead Species
Q14. .................. soil is derived from
the weathering of the igneous and metamorphic rocks.
(a) Red Soil (b) Black Soil (c) Laterite Soil (d) Mountain Soil
Q15. .................. irrigation can be
used in dry regions, where evaporation is very high.
(a) Sprinklers (b) Bucket (c) Drip (d) Save Water
Q16. A natural area designated to protect the
ecological integrity of one or more ecosystems for present and future
generations is known as ..................
(a) Wildlife Sanctuaries (b) Bioreserves (c)
Botanical Gardens (d) National Parks
Q17. In the biosphere living beings are
inter-related and interdependent on each other for survival. This life
supporting system is known as the .................
(a) Interdependence (b) Ecology (c) Ecosystem (d)
Food Circle
Q18. It is the uppermost layer, Rich in humus
& minerals and Consists of Sand, Silt & Clay.
(a) Sub Soil (b) Top Soil (c)
Alluvial Soil (d) Black Soil
Q19. The fresh water is continuously being
renewed and recharged through the .................
(a)
Hydrological Cycle (b) Oxygen Cycle (c) Rock Cycle (d) Renewable Cycle
Q20. In the coastal and dry regions, rows of
trees are planted to check the wind movement to protect soil cover, this
process is known as .................
(a) Strip Cropping (b) Contour Barriers (c) Terrace Cultivation (d)
Shelter Belts
B. Very Short Answer Type Questions
1.
What are the possible reasons behind the uneven
distribution of population around the world?
Answer.
The reasons behind uneven population distribution are mainly the varied
conditions of land and climate.
2.
Give three common forms of land use.
Answer.
Three common land use forms are: (i) As cropland, (ii) Pasture, (iii) Forests.
3.
What human factors determine land use pattern?
Answer.
Human factors affecting land use pattern are population and technology.
4.
Define soil.
Answer.
The thin layer of grainy substance covering the surface of the earth is called
soil.
5.
What is required to make soil fertile?
Answer.
The right mix of minerals and organic matter is needed to make soil fertile.
6.
What is parent rock?
Answer.
The rock from which soil is derived is called parent rock.
7.
What are the factors threatening soil as a
resource?
Answer.
Two factors that threaten soil as a resource are soil erosion and its
depletion.
8.
What method of soil conservation may be used in
coastal and dry regions?
Answer.
Shelter belts are used to protect the soil in coastal and dry regions.
9.
Why is the earth called the “water planet”?
Answer.
The earth’s surface has about three- fourths water, so it is called “water
planet”.
10. In
what forms is fresh water found on the earth?
Answer.
Fresh water is found in the forms of groundwater, water in rivers and lakes,
and water vapour.
11. What
is the name given to the process involved in rain formation?
Answer.
The process involved in the formation of rain is called “water cycle”.
12. Name
some regions of water scarcity in the world.
Answer.
Africa, West Asia, South Asia, parts of western USA, northwest Mexico, parts of
South America, and Australia face water scarcity.
13. Name
a method to save surface run-off.
Answer.
Water harvesting is a method to save surface run-off.
14. How
is a bird like vulture important for the ecosystem?
Answer.
A vulture feeds on dead livestock and so it cleanses the environment.
15. What
is the distinguishing feature between evergreen and deciduous forests?
Answer.
Evergreen forests never shed their leaves whereas deciduous forests shed their
leaves once a year.
16. What
is the Vanamahotsava?
Answer.
The social programme of planting trees, organized at the community level is
called vanamahotsava.
C.
Short Answer Type
Questions
1. How
is land being degraded? Suggest methods to conserve land resource.
Answer.
The ever-growing population has increased demand for living space, due to which
forests are being destroyed, thus causing land degradation. The rate of
degradation of land resources can be checked by promoting afforestation, land
reclamation, regulated use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, and checking
to overgraze.
2. What is weathering?
Answer.
Weathering refers to the breaking up and decay of exposed rocks. This breaking
up and decay are caused by temperature fluctuations between too high and too
low, frost action, plants, animals, and even human activity. Weathering is the
major process involved in the formation of soil. It takes millions of years to
form soil by this process.
3. How is water an important resource?
Answer.
Water is an indispensable resource of life. Firstly water serves the most basic
purpose of drinking, without which life is impossible. It is helpful in
cleaning our bodies, clothes, and utensils. Farmers depend on water for
irrigation. Water is also used in cooking food. Water is a source of
electricity as well. Plants require water for their growth. Water is required
for various industrial purposes in factories.
4. Write a short note on wildlife.
Answer.
The animal kingdom, which consists of animals, birds, aquatic creatures and
insects, is called wildlife. These creatures provide us various important
products such as milk, meat, hides, and wool. Bees give us honey and help in
pollination. They play the role of decomposers in the environment. Birds like
the vulture are scavengers and they help in cleansing the environment. All
forms of wildlife are an integral part of our ecosystem.
5.
What are the major types of vegetation in the
world? Describe vegetation in different rainfall conditions.
Answer.
The major types of vegetation in the world are grouped as forests, grasslands,
scrubs and tundra.” In areas of heavy rain, huge trees can be found. Forests
are abundant in areas of heavy rainfall. With moisture and rainfall the density
of forests declines. In moderate rainfall areas, grasslands are found. In diy
areas, we find thorny shrubs and scrubs. Plants here have deep roots and leaves
have thorny surface to reduce loss of moisture. The tundra vegetation consists
of mosses and lichens.
D. Long Answer Type Questions
1. Describe methods of soil conservation.
Answer.
Some common methods of soil conservation are mentioned below: Mulching.
Mulching is the process of covering the bare ground between plants with a layer
of organic matter like straw. It contributes in retaining soil moisture.
Terrace Farming. Terrace farming is the method of farming in which broad flat steps or terraces are made on the steep slopes so that flat surfaces are available to grow crops They reduce run-off and soil erosion.
Intercropping. In intercropping, different crops are grown
in alternate rows and are sown at different times to protect the soil from
being washed away by rain.
Contour Ploughing. Ploughing parallel to the contours of a hill slope to form a
natural barrier for water to flow down a slope is called contour ploughing.
Shelter Belts. Rows of trees that are planted in certain areas to check wind movement are called shelter belts.
Contour Barriers. Stones, grass,
and soil are used to build barriers along contours. Trenches are made in front
of the barriers to collect water.
Rock Dams. This prevents gullies and further soil loss since rocks are piled up
to slow down the flow of water.
2. What is the threat to vegetation and wildlife? What is the need to conserve them? How can we do this? [V. Imp.]
Ans. Forests and wildlife are an important resource. Climate change and human interferences in the animal kingdom can cause loss of natural habitat for plants and animals. Certain species have become endangered and many have become extinct now.
Poaching incidents contribute to their extinction. Plants and animals are an important part of the ecosystem. Plants provide food, oxygen and shelter to humans and animals. Animals provide us important products such as milk, meat, honey, etc. There exists a balance in the environment if we do not disturb the natural number of species living on the earth. A single extinction can affect the ecosystem badly. So animals and plants obviously need to be conserved. The government has introduced national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves for this purpose. Poaching should be severely dealt with. Indiscriminate killings need to be discouraged. Social awareness must be created about the importance of trees, social forestry. Students should be involved in vanamahotsavas at regional and community levels.
*************
CHAPTER-03 : MINERAL
AND POWER RESOURCES
A. Multiple Choice Questions
(MCQs)
Q1- Minerals found in ______ are
not accessible.
A) Greenland B) Serbia C) Antarctica D) Japan
Q2- The example of ferrous
minerals is
A) manganese B)
limestone C) coal D) petroleum
Q3- An example of mineral
fuel is
A) Coal B)
bauxite C) iron D) gold
Q4- Limestone is a ____
mineral.
A) ferrous B) metallic C) non-metallic D) non – ferrous
Q5- Minerals found near
earth’s surface are taken out by the process of
A) quarrying B)
drilling C) digging D) weathering
Q6- Extraction of minerals
is carried out by the process of
A) Weathering B) Clearing forests C) Clearing land D) Mining
Q7- ______ is a leading
producer of tin.
A) China B) Pakistan C) Switzerland D) USA
Q8- ___ is found in China.
A) Gold B) bauxite C) Antimony D) Copper
Q9- Crude oil can be found
in
A) Qatar B) Thailand C) Malaysia D) Zambia
Q10- High grade iron ore
can be found in
A) Australia B) Brazil C) Mexico D) Chile
Q11- The South American
country which boasts of mineral oil is
A) Uruguay B) Bolivia C) Brazil D) Venezuela
Q12- _____ is the largest
producer of Bauxite across the globe.
A) US B) Australia C) Canada D) India
Q13- _____ is the largest
producer of diamond among all continents.
A) Asia B) South
America C) Africa D) Australia
Q14- ______ is obtained
from quartz.
A) Silicon B)
Uranium C) Bauxite D) Gold
Q15- ________ is the ore
of Aluminium.
A) Iron B) Mineral oil C) Bauxite D) Coal
Q16- ____ is the best way to
conserve metals.
A) Throwing away B) Recycling C) Decomposing D) Discarding its usage
Q17- _____ is an example
of conventional energy sources.
A) Firewood B) Technology C) iron D) Silver
Q18- _____ is disadvantage
of using hydel power.
A) Easy access
B) Doesn’t cause pollution.
C) Local people are
forced to evacuate the area for construction of hydel power project
D) Cheap for usage
Q19- Thermal power is
electricity generated from _____.
A) Coal B) Hydel
power C) firewood D) iron
Q20- Coal is an example of
______ energy resource.
A) renewable B) non-renewable C) human-made D) non – ferrous
Q21- Gypsum is an example
of _____ mineral.
A) metallic B) ferrous C) non-metallic D) non-ferrous
Q22- Ores of ______
contain iron.
A) manganese B) gypsum C) sandstone D) marble
Q23- More than ______
different types of minerals have been identified until now.
A) 3000 B) 2800 C) 2500 D) 2900
Q24- ______ is a mineral
fuel.
A) Gold B) Silicon C) Petroleum D) Iron
Q25- To reach mineral
deposits at great depths, deep bores have to be made. This process is called
_____
A) shaft mining B) drilling C) quarrying D) Open cast mining
Q26- If a rock contains
copper, then its color is ____.
A) Black B) Blue C) Red D) Purple
Q27- ______ beds can be
found in Algeria.
A) Chromite B) Nikel C) Phosphate D) Limestone
Q28- France has _____
deposits
A) copper B) Limestone C) Gypsum D) Petroleum
Q29- ______ produces more
than half of the world’s tin.
A) Africa B) Asia C) Antarctica D) Europe
Q30- ________ can be found
in the Appalachian region of Canada.
A) Silver B) Coal C) Diesel D) Chromium
B.
Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. Differentiate between a rock and an ore.
Answer:
A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals. An ore is a rock from which
minerals are mined.
2. Define quarrying.
Answer:
Quarrying is a process of extraction in which minerals lying near the surface
are simply dugout.
3. Name the leading tin producers in Asia.
Answer:
China, Malaysia, and Indonesia are leading tin producers in Asia.
4. Name two areas in Australia, which have large deposits of gold.
Answer:
Two areas in Western Australia having large deposits of gold are Kalgoorlie and
Coolgardie.
5. Name two minerals in whose production India contributes a
significant part.
Answer:
India has vast deposits of high-grade iron ore, and it is also a leading
producer of salt.
6. In which industry is silicon important? From which ore is it
obtained?
Answer:
Silicon is important in the computer industry. It is obtained from quartz.
7. Why are minerals considered non-renewable?
Answer:
Minerals take thousands of years to form. The rate of formation is much smaller
than the rate of consumption. So we classify them as non-renewable.
8. Why is coal called “buried sunshine”?
Answer:
Coal is called “buried sunshine” because it is found buried under the earth,
and is as important a source of energy as sunshine.
9. Why are petroleum and its derivatives called “black gold”?
Answer:
Petroleum and its derivatives are black in colour but as valuable as gold, so
we refer to it as “black gold”.
10.
What is natural gas?
Answer:
Natural gas is a fossil fuel obtained with petroleum deposits in oil fields.
11.
Which was the first country to
develop hydroelectricity?
Answer:
Norway was the first country to develop hydroelectricity.
12.
Name some important hydel power
stations in India.
Answer:
Bhakra Nangal, Gandhi Sagar, Nagaijunasagar, and Damodar Valley Projects are
important hydel power stations in India.
13.
Name nuclear power stations in India.
Answer:
Kalpakkam, Tarapur, Ranapratap Sagar, Narora, and Kaiga are the nuclear power
stations in India.
14.
Give one advantage of biogas over
natural gas.
Answer:
Biogas is a renewable source of energy whereas the amount of natural gas is
limited.
C.
Short Answer Type Questions
1.
Name and describe briefly methods of
extraction.
Answer:
Mining, drilling, and quarrying are methods of extraction. Mining is a process
of extraction of taking out minerals from rocks under the earth’s surface.
a)
Opencast mining: In this, minerals
lying at shallow depths are taken out by removing the surface layer.
b) Shaft
mining: In this, deep bores (called shafts) are made to reach mineral deposits
lying at large depths.
c)
Drilling: In this, deep wells are
bored to take out minerals.
d) Quarrying:
It is the process of extraction in which minerals lying very close to the
surface are extracted just by digging them out.
2.
Where are minerals found?
Answer:
Minerals are found in different types of rocks. Metallic minerals are usually found
in igneous and metamorphic rocks that form large plateaus. Examples: iron ore
is found in north Sweden, copper, and nickel in Canada. In igneous and
metamorphic rocks in South Africa, iron, nickel, chromites, and platinum are
found. Non-metallic minerals are found in sedimentary rock formations.
Limestone deposits are found in France. Mineral fuels such as coal and
petroleum are found in sedimentary strata.
3.
Describe the mineral distribution in
North America.
Answer:
The mineral deposits in North America are found in three zones: the Canadian
region in the north of the Great Lakes, the Appalachian region, and the Rocky
Mountains in the West. Iron ore, nickel, gold, uranium, and copper are mined in
the Canadian Shield Region, coal in the Appalachian region. Western Cordilleras
have vast deposits of copper, lead, zinc, gold, and silver.
4.
Write common uses of minerals.
Answer:
Minerals are important in many industries. Minerals used in gems are usually
very hard. These are then set in varying styles of jewellery. Iron and copper
are metals used in almost everything. Copper is present in everything from
coins to pipes and electricity wires. Silicon, obtained from the mineral
quartz, is the base of the computer industry. Aluminium, obtained from bauxite
ore, and its alloys are used in aeroplanes due to their lightweight. Aluminium
is also used in kitchen cookware.
5.
How is hydroelectricity produced?
Answer:
Hydroelectricity is produced from the energy possessed by water falling from
great heights. River water is stored in dams. When rainwater or river
waterfalls from heights, it flows over turbine blades placed at the bottom of
the dam. The moving blades are connected to a generator which produces
electricity from this energy. This electricity is called hydroelectricity. The
water discharged after its production is used for irrigation.
D.
Long Answer Type Questions
1. Name and describe some non- conventional sources of energy.
Answer:
Non-conventional power sources are those power sources that have come into use
recently due to the depleting conventional resources and growing awareness.
Solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, nuclear power, and tidal energy
are examples of non- conventional power sources.
Solar energy is the heat and light
energy captured from the sun. Solar cells help to convert this energy to
electricity. Solar energy is used in solar heaters, solar cookers, solar
dryers, etc.
Wind energy is the energy possessed
by moving air (wind). Windmills are used to convert wind energy to electricity.
Wind farms having clusters of windmills located in coastal regions and mountain
passes.
Nuclear power is the energy possessed
by the nuclei of atoms of naturally occurring radioactive elements like
uranium-, thorium, etc.
Geothermal energy is the heat energy
obtained from the inside of the earth. The temperature inside the earth
increases as we go deeper. This heat is used to produce electricity. It is
accessed in the form of hot springs. Tidal energy is the energy generated from
tides. It is harnessed by building dams at narrow openings of the sea.
Biogas is a gaseous fuel obtained
from the decomposition of organic waste like dead plant and animal material or
animal dung and kitchen waste. It is an excellent fuel for cooking and lighting
and is environment-friendly.
2. Write the advantages and dis-advantages of non-conventional
sources of energy.
Answer:
Advantages:
1.
Non-conventional sources of energy
are usually inexhaustible. They do not pollute the environment.
2.
Nuclear power is emitted in large
amounts.
3.
Most non-conventional sources of
energy cost less.
4.
These forms of energy are safe to use
and clean.
Disadvantages:
1.
Windmills are costly to set up. So
using them to harness wind energy is costly, even though the electricity
generated from it is cheap.
2.
Setting up windmills disturbs radio
and TV broadcasts.
3.
Harnessing tidal energy destroys the
natural habitats of wildlife.
4.
Moreover, tidal energy is difficult
to harness.
5.
Obtaining nuclear energy from
radioactive material generates radioactive waste. It is expensive too.
6.
Biogas, although useful and
renewable, contributes to the greenhouse effect.
**************
CHAPTER-04 : AGRICULTURE
A. Multiple Choice Questions
(MCQs)
1.
Across the globe, more than ___% of people are engaged
in agriculture
A) 25 B) 40 C) 50 D) 30
2.
____ is a primary activity.
A) Oil refining B) Food processing C) Agriculture D) Pesticide preparation
3.
Around ___ of Indian population depends on agriculture.
A) 2/3 B) 1/5 C) 4/5 D) 1/3
4.
Arable land is
A) land where crops are grown. B)
land where trees are cut.
C) land which is cleared for agriculture D) land where mining takes place.
5.
Jhumming is practised in ____ India.
A) North – East B) South C) West D)
South- west
6.
Following animal is a part of the nomadic herd
A) camel B) ox C) cats D) rabbits
7.
Which of the following physical input is required in
agriculture?
A) labour B) slope C) rainfall D) Sunlight
8.
One of the inputs required in farming is
A) slope B) crops C) Human Resource D) Machinery
9.
Cultivation of grapes is defined as
A) Horticulture B) Viticulture C) Sericulture D) Agriculture
10.
An example of tertiary activity is
A) Advertising B) Hunting C) Agriculture D) fishing
11.
Fishing is an example of
A) Primary activity B)
Secondary activity
C) Tertiary activity D)
Agriculture activity
12.
The word ‘agriculture’ has been derived from Latin word
A) ageri B) ager C) agri D) agar
13.
Growing flowers are identified under
A) Horticulture B) Pisciculture C) Sericulture D) Viticulture
14.
Seeds are one of _____ of agriculture.
A) process B) output C)
input D) labour
15.
Shifting Cultivation is known as ____ in Malaysia.
A) Kharif B) Jhumming C) Ludang D) Rabi
16.
Roca is an agricultural practices followed in
A) Brazil B) Indonesia C) China D)
Malaysia
17.
Nomadic Herding is practised in which of the following
states
A) Rajasthan B) Tamilnadu C) Kerala D)
Telangana
18.
If someone starts rearing silkworms, this practise is
called
A) Horticulture B) Viticulture C) Agriculture D) Sericulture
19.
In the USA, _____ is grown excessively.
A) Millet B) Wheat C) Rice D) Maize
20.
In India, wheat is grown during ____ season.
A) Spring B) Autumn C) Winter D) Summer
21.
Extraction and production of natural resources is
identified under _______ activity.
A) Primary B)
Secondary C) Tertiary D) Non-renewable
22.
Agriculture is most favourable in _____ regions
A) Plain B) desert C) mountain D) rocky
23.
_____ is one of the important inputs of farming.
A) Fertilizers B) crops C) plain region D) fruits
24.
The art and science of soil cultivation to rear crops is
called
A) agriculture B) Viticulture C) Sericulture D) Horticulture
25.
Shifting Cultivation is primarily practised in the
regions where ________ takes place.
A) tsunami B) heavy
rainfall C) dry weather D) cutting of trees
26.
In Sahara desert, _____ takes place.
A) shifting cultivation B)
nomadic herding
C) heavy rains D)
horticulture
27.
______ is one of the crops grown under commercial
farming.
A) potato B) onion C) Wheat D) Tomato
28.
Mixed farming is practised in _______.
A) New Zealand B) Zambia C) Egypt D) Belarus
29.
______ is a plantation grown in tropical regions of the
world.
A) Rubber B) Silk C) Millet D) Jute
30.
Growing ______ is a type of plantation.
A) Rice B) Wheat C) coffee D) maize
31. Agriculture is:
(a) Primary
Activity (c)
Tertiary Activity
(b) Secondary Activity (d) None of the above
32. Slash and burn practice of
agriculture is also known as:
(a) Intensive Farming (b) Extensive Farming
(c) Shifting
Farming (d) Nomadic Farming
33. Which is also known as
golden fiber?
(a) Cotton (b) Wheat (c) Silk (d) Jute
34. The two most important
staple food crops of the world are ............. and ...........
(a) Ragi & Bajra (b) Tea & Coffee (c) Rice & Wheat (d)
Millets & Maize
35. It is also known as
"Monoculture", i.e. single crop grown over a large area.
(a) Commercial Grain
Farming (b) Plantation
Farming
(c) Multiple Farming (d) Mixed
Farming
36. Out of the following which
is not a cropping season of India?
(a) Zaid (b) Kharif (c) Kaffir (d)
Rabi
37. Which one is not a millet
crop?
(a) Jowar (b) Ragi (c) Wheat (d)
Bajra
38. The type of agriculture
practiced in India is:
(a) Intensive
Farming (b) Extensive
Farming
(c) Primitive Farming (d) Mixed Farming
39. The word
"Agriculture" has been derived from two ...................... Words.
(a) German (b) American (c) Latin (d)
Arabic
40. Cultivation of grapes is
also known as ..................
(a) Viticulture (b)
Horticulture
(c) Sericulture (d) Pisciculture
41. Seasonal migration of
people with their animals is called
(a) Farmers (b) Jhumming
(c) Transhumance (d) Labours
42. Classification of
Commercial farming (which is not correct)
(a) Commercial Grain
Farming (b) Plantation
Farming
(c) Multiple
Farming (d)
Mixed Farming
43. Factors Influencing the
Crop Cultivation:
(a) Temperature (b) Fertile
Soil
(c) Rainfall (d) All
of these
44. Growing vegetables,
flowers, fruits and decorative plants for commercial use is known as
(a) Viticulture (b) Horticulture
(c) Sericulture (d)
Pisciculture
45. ...................... is
grown in winter. It requires rainfall during growing season and bright sunshine
at the time of harvest.
(a) Rice (b)
Watermelon
(c) Wheat (d)
Bajra
46. The land on which crops are
grown is known as
(a) Arable Land (b) Wet
Land
(c) Dry Land (d)
None of these
47. Jhumming, Ladang, Milap,
Roca & Ray are also known as
(a) Intensive Farming (b) Commercial
Farming
(c) Nomadic Farming (d) Shifting
Farming
48. ....................
requires high temperature, light rainfall, 210 frost-free days and bright
sunshine.
(a) Jute (b) Cotton (c) Tea (d) Coffee
49. In .............. farming
the land is used for growing food and fodder crops and rearing livestock.
(a) Intensive Farming (b) Plantation
Farming
(c) Primitive Farming (d) Mixed
Farming
50. Tea is a
...................... crop
(a) Fiber Crop (b) Food
Crop
(c) Beverage Crop (d)
Industrial Crop
B.
Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. What is the basic function of the three basic types of economic
activities?
Answer:
The three types of economic activities are involved in the transformation from
a plant to a finished product.
2. What are the tertiary activities?
Answer:
Tertiary activities are those which provide support to primary and secondary
activities.
3. In what sorts of areas are agricultural activities concentrated?
Answer:
Agricultural activities are concentrated in those areas of the world which have
suitable conditions of growing crops.
4. What is arable land?
Answer:
The land on which crops are grown is called arable land.
5. How is subsistence farming classified?
Answer:
Subsistence farming is classified into intensive and primitive subsistence
agriculture.
6. In what sort of areas is nomadic herding practised?
Answer:
Nomadic herding is practised in semi-arid and arid regions of Sahara, Central
Asia, and some parts of India.
7. Why is mixed farming called so?
Answer:
In mixed farming, the land is used for growing crops as well as rearing
livestock.
8. What is the main feature of plantation agriculture?
Answer:
In plantation agriculture, only a single crop is grown.
9. What weather conditions are required in the growing and
harvesting seasons of wheat?
Answer:
In the growing season, wheat requires moderate temperature and rainfall and in
the harvesting season, it needs bright sunshine.
10. Which two countries lead in the production of jute?
Answer:
India and Bangladesh are the leading producers of jute.
C.
Short Answer Type Questions
1.
Write a short note on the types of
economic activities. Give examples.
Answer:
The three types of economic activities are primary, secondary, and tertiary.
Primary Activities. Activities which involve direct extraction and production
of natural resources are called primary activities. Examples: agriculture,
fishing, mining. Secondary Activities. Activities which are concerned with the
processing of natural resources are called secondary activities. Examples:
manufacturing of finished products. Tertiary Activities. Activities which fall
neither in the primary category nor the second category are called tertiary
activities. They form support to primary and secondary activities. Examples: selling
goods, advertising, and banking.
2.
Name the inputs and outputs of
agriculture in general. Also mention the various operations involved.
Answer:
The inputs in agriculture are seeds, fertilisers, machinery, labour, etc. The
operations involved in agriculture are ploughing, sowing, irrigation, weeding,
and harvesting. As outputs of the farming activity, a farmer gets crops, wool,
dairy products, and poultry products.
3.
Explain shifting cultivation.
Answer:
Shifting cultivation is a class of primitive subsistence agriculture. In this,
a plot of land is cleared by the farmer. This is done by felling the trees and
burning them. The ashes are then mixed with soil and crops are grown. After
some time, the land is abandoned and the farmer moves to a different place.
This type of farming is common in the thickly forested areas of the Amazon
basin, tropical Africa, parts of south-east Asia, and north-east India. It is
also called “slash and burn” agriculture, because of the process of felling and
burning the trees is involved.
4.
Enlist the climate conditions
required for the proper cultivation of rice. Mention the main regions of its
production.
Answer:
Rice is a major food crop‘in tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. Its
cultivation needs high temperatures, high humidity and rainfall. Its growth is
best in alluvial clayey soils since they have water retention capacity. China
and India are the leading producers in the world. In favourable climatic
conditions, even two to three crops are grown in a year.
5.
What do you understand by
agricultural development?
Answer:
Agricultural development refers to efforts made to increase production in farms
so as to meet the ever¬growing demand of the population. The activities that
come under this development are increasing the cropped area, growing more
crops, improving irrigation, using fertilizers, sowing HYV (high-yielding
variety) of seeds, and promoting mechanization. Mechanization ensures that
little labor is done by the farmers; instead, machines are used to provide
efficiency.
D.
Long Answer Type Questions
1.
Describe subsistence farming and its
types in detail.
Answer:
The two main types of farming are:
subsistence farming and commercial farming.
Subsistence farming is practised solely to meet the needs of the farmer’s
family. Therefore, the practices involved are usually old- fashioned. Use of
modern technology is minimum and most work is done by household labour.
In intensive, subsistence
agriculture, simple tools and huge labour are used by a farmer to cultivate a
small plot of land. More than one crop is grown annually in favourable
conditions. Rice is the major crop. This form of agriculture is seen in the
thickly populated areas of the monsoon regions of south, south-east and east
Asia. Shifting cultivation is a class of primitive subsistence agriculture. In
this, a plot of land is cleared by felling the trees and burning them.
The ashes are then mixed with soil
and crops are grown. After some time, the land is abandoned and the farmers
move to a different place. This type of farming is common in the thickly
forested areas of the Amazon basin, tropical Africa, parts of south-east Asia
and north-east India. It is also called “slash and burn” agriculture.
Nomadic herding refers to the
practice in which herdsmen move from place to place with their animals for
fodder and water. Animals usually reared are the yak, sheep, camel and goats.
2. Describe commercial farming and its types in detail.
Answer:
Commercial farming is the practice in which crops are grown exclusively for
commercial purpose, i.e. for sale in the market. A large area is cultivated and
huge capital is involved unlike subsistence farming. Machines are used to a
large extent.
Commercial grain farming is a class of commercial farming. Crops like wheat and
maize are grown for commercial purpose. The temperate grasslands of North
America, Europe and Asia are some common areas where it is seen.
Mixed farming is another type of
commercial farming. The land is used for growing food and fodder crops and
rearing livestock. Some areas where it is followed are Europe, eastern USA,
Argentina, south-east Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Plantations are
a type of commercial farming where only a single crop (like tea, coffee,
sugarcane, cashew, rubber, banana or cotton) is grown. Large amount of labour
and capital are required. The produce is processed in the farm itself or nearby
factories.
************
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