CHAPTER-01: HOW, WHEN AND WHERE
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. A History of British India was written by-
(a) Charles Darwin (b) James
Mill (c) Albert Einstein (d) ThomasHardy
2. The first Governor-General of
India was
(a) Lord Dalhousie (b)
Lord Mountbatten
(c) Lord William Bentinck (d)
Warren Hastings
3. The National Archives of
India came up in the
(a) 1920s (b)
1930s (c) 1940s (d)
1950s
4. The word ‘Calligrapher’ means
(a) One who is specialised in the art of painting.
(b) One who is specialised in the art of music.
(c) One who is specialised in the art of beautiful writing.
(d) One who is specialised in the art of public speaking.
5. Census operations are held-
(a) every five years (b)
every seven years
(c) every ten years (d)
every twelve years
|
Q1- Goddess _____ was a symbol of British power in India. A) Victoria B) Athena C) Britannia D) Elizabeth |
|
Q2- ______ was the first Governor General of India. A) Lord Dalhousie B) Lord Canning C) Warren Hasting
D) Robert Clive |
|
Q3- “A History of British India” was written by A) Nicholas Louis B) Clive Loyd C) James Mill D) John Henry |
|
Q4- According to Mills, all ____ societies were of lower level. A) African B) Asian C) European D) American |
|
Q5- National Museum is located at ________ A) Delhi B) Kolkata C) Madras D)
Shimla |
|
Q6- British introduced practise of ______ to know about rural
topography. A) judiciary B) revenue
collection C) surveying D) mapping |
|
Q7- _______ came up in the 1920s to store important documents. A) Victoria Memorial
B) Parliamentary House C) National Archieve of
India D)
Settlements |
|
Q8- British documents were carefully copied by ____ during the
18th century. A) writer
B) calligraphists C) military personal
D) journalists |
|
Q9- An important source regarding dates is _____ of British
administration. A) rule
B) official records C) judiciary
D) brutuality |
|
Q10- According to Mills, ____ rule was capable of civilising
Indian society. A) Hindu
B) Muslim C) British
D) French |
B. Fill
in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence.
(i) The colonial government
gave much importance to the practice of-
(ii) Historians have usually divided Indian history into ancient,
and____, _____.
(iii) A History of British India is a massive work-___
(iv) According to Mill, all Asian societies were at a level of__
civilization than Europe.
(v) The British established specialised institutions like ____ and to
preserve important documents.
C. State
whether each of the following statements is True or False.
(i) The British were very
particular about preserving official documents.
(ii) Printing began to spread by the middle of the 20th century.
(iii) The periodisation of Indian history offered by James Mill was not
at all accepted.
(iv) The British carried out detailed surveys by the early 19th century
in order to map the entire country.
(v) James Mill glorified India and its culture in his book A History of
British India.
D. Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. Name the events for which specific dates
can be determined.
2. What was an important aspect of the
histories written by the British historians in India?
3. Who was James Mill?
4. What was Mill’s opinion about the Asian
societies?
5. What evil practices, according to James
Mill, dominated the Indian social life before the British came to India?
6. How did paintings project Governor-
General?
7. Why do many historians refer to modem
period as colonial?
8. Mention one important source used by
historians in writing about the last 230 years of Indian history.
9. What is done under census?
10.
What do official records not tell?
11.
Why
do we try and divide history into different periods?
E. Short Answer Type Questions
1. How did James Mill view India?
2. Historians divide Indian history into
ancient, medieval and modem. But this division too has its problems. What are
these problems?
3. What did the British do to preserve
important official documents and letters?
4. What do official records not tell? How do
we come to know about them?
5.
How
did the British conquer India and establish their rule?
F. Long Answer Type Questions
1.
How do the official records of the British administration help
historians to write about the last 250 years of Indian history?
2.
How did surveys become important under the colonial administration?
Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. Name the events for which specific dates can be determined.
Answer.
The year a king was crowned, the year he married, the year he had a child, the
year he fought a particular battle, the year he died, etc.
2. What was an important aspect of the histories written by the
British historians in India?
Answer.
The rule of each Governor-General was an important aspect.
3. Who was James Mill?
Answer.
He was a Scottish economist and political philosopher and is known for his book
A History of British India.
4. What was Mill’s opinion about the Asian societies?
Answer.
In Mill’s opinion all Asian societies were at a lower level of civilisation
than Europe.
5. What evil practices, according to James Mill, dominated the
Indian social life before the British came to India?
Answer.
According to James Mill, the evil practices that dominated to the Indian social
life were religious intolerance, caste taboos and superstitious practices.
6. How did paintings project Governor- General?
Answer.
Paintings projected Governor-Generals as powerful figures.
7. Why do many historians refer to modem period as colonial?
Answer.
It is because, under British rule people did not have equality, freedom or
liberty—the symbols of modernity.
8. Mention one important source used by historians in writing about
the last 230 years of Indian history.
Answer.
The official records of the British administration.
9. What is done under census?
Answer.
It records the number of people living all the provinces of India and gathers
information on castes, religions and occupation.
10. What do official records not tell?
Answer.
Official records do not tell what other people in the country felt, and what
lay behind their actions.
11. Why do we try and divide history into different periods?
Answer.
We do so in order to capture the characteristics of a time, its central features
as they appear to us.
Short Answer Type Questions
1. How did James Mill view India?
Answer.
James Mill did not cherish any positive idea about India. He was of the opinion
that all Asian societies were at a lower level of civilisation than Europe. According
to his telling of history, before the British came to India, the Hindu and the
Muslim despots ruled the country. Religious intolerance, caste taboos and
superstitious practices dominated social life. He felt that only British rule
could civilise India. He suggested that the British should conquer all the
territories of India to ensure the enlightenment and happiness of the Indian
people. For India was not capable of progress without the help of the British.
2. Historians divide Indian history into ancient, medieval and
modem. But this division too has its problems. What are these problems?
Answer.
This periodisation has been borrowed from the West where the modem period was
associated with the growth of dll the forces of modernity such as science, reason,
democracy, liberty and equality. Medieval was a term used to describe a society
where these features of modem society did not exist.
It is difficult for us to accept this characterisation of the modem period.
Here, it is worth-mentioning that Indians did not have equality, freedom or
liberty under the British rule. The country also lacked economic growth and
progress in that period. It is therefore many historians refer to modem period
as colonial period.
3. What did the British do to preserve important official documents
and letters?
Answer.
The British felt the need to preserve all the important official documents and
letters. For this, they set up record rooms attached to all administrative
institutions. The village tahsildar’s office, the collectorate, the
commissioner’s office, the provincial secretariats, the lawcourts – all had
their record rooms. The British also established specialised institutions such
as archives and museums to preserve important records.
4. What do official records not tell? How do we come to know about
them?
Answer.
Official records do not always help us understand what other people in the
country felt, and what lay behind their actions. For that we have diaries of
people, accounts of pilgrims and travellers, autobiographies of important
personalities, and popular books, etc. that were sold in the local bazaars.
With the spread of printing press, newspapers came to be published and issues
began to be debated in public. Leaders and reformers wrote.to spread their
ideas, poets and novelists wrote to express their feelings.
5. How did the British conquer India and establish their rule?
Answer.
The British conquered India in the following ways:
1.
They subjugated local nawabs and
rajas.
2.
They established control over the
economy and society collected revenue to meet all their expenses, bought goods
they wanted at lower prices and produced crops they needed for export.
3.
They brought changes in rulers and
tastes, customs and practices.
4.
Thus, they moulded everything in
their favour and subjugated the country very soon.
Long Answer Type Questions
1. How do the official records of the British administration help
historians to write about the last 250 years of Indian history?
Answer.
The British believed that the act of writing was important. Hence, they got
written up every instruction, plan, policy decision, agreement, investigation,
etc. They thought that once this was done, things could be properly studied and
debated. This conviction produced an administrative culture of mtemos, notings
and reports.
The British were very interested in preserving all important documents and
letters. For this, they established record rooms attached to all administrative
institutions such as the village tahsildar’s office, the collectorate, law
courts etc. They also set up archives and museums to preserve important
records.
Letters and memos that moved from one branch of the administration to smother
in the early years of the 19th century can still be read in the archives.
Historians can also take help from the notes and reports that district
officials prepared or the instructions and directives that were sent by
officials at the top to the provincial administrators.
2. How did surveys become important under the colonial
administration?
Answer.
The British gave much importance to the practice of surveying because they
believed that a country had to be properly known before it could be effectively
administred. Therefore, they carried out detailed surveys by the early 19 th
century in order to map the entire country:
a)
They conducted revenue surveys in
villages.
b) They
made efforts to know the topography, the soil quality, the flora, the fauna,
the local histories and the cropping pattern.
c)
They also introduced census
operations, held at the interval of every ten years from the end of the 19th
century. They prepared detailed records of the number of people in all the
provinces of India, noting information on castes, religions and occupation
separately.
d) The
British also carried on several other surveys such as botanical surveys, zoological
surveys, archeolo¬gical surveys, forest surveys, etc. In this way, they
gathered all the facts that were essential for administering a country.
************
CHAPTER-02: FROM TRADE TO TERRITORY
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1.
Which one was not a trading company?
(a) The Portuguese (b) The
Dutch (c) The French (d) The Japanese
2. What
was farman?
(a) It was a royal dress. (b)
It was a royal order.
(c) It was a royal food. (d)
It was a royal procession.
3.
The Nawab of Bengal after Alivardi Khan
was
(a) Murshid Quli Khan (b) Tipu
Sultan (c) Sirajuddaulah (d) Mir Qasim
4.
The British who did the Company’s
army against Sirajuddaulah at Plassey was
(a) Robert Clive (b) Lord
Hastings (c) Edmund Burke (d)
Lord Dalhousie
5.
This Governor-General introduced the
policy of ‘paramountcy’.
(a) Lord Hastings (b) Lord Dolhousie (c)
Warren Hastings (d) Lord Bentinck
6.
Which one of these was annexed on
the basis of Dolhousie’s ‘Doctrine of Lapse’?
(a) Punjab (b)
Awadh (c)
Satara (d)
Hydrabad
7. The
Governor-General who was impeached
(a) Lord Dalhousie (b) Lord Mountbatten (c) Warren Hastings
(d) Lord Hastings
|
Q1- Aurangzeb died in the year A) 1707 B) 1710 C) 1705 D) 1711 |
|
Q2- ______ was the last ruler of Mughal empire. A) Akbar II B)
Bahadur Shah Zafar C) Aurangzeb D) Shah Alam
II |
|
Q3- _____ granted a Charter to East India Company in early 1600s
in order to trade with India. A) Queen Elizabeth I B) Queen Victoria C) King George V D) Queen Elizabeth
II |
|
Q4- _____ was the first person to discover a trading route to
India. A) Vasco da Gama B) James Cook C) Columbus
D)
Thomas Cook |
|
Q5- Portugese were first to discover sea route to India in _____ A) 1490 B) 1496 C) 1498 D) 1500 |
|
Q6- Fine qualities of ____ had big market in Europe when
European traders started marketing in India. A) cotton B) timber C) wheat D) pepper |
|
Q7- The first English company came up in the year ________ A) 1666
B) 1651 C) 1652 D) 1655 |
|
Q8- Kalikata is the old name of A) Calicut B) Kozhikode C) Kolkata D) Madras |
|
Q9- Battle of Plassey took place in the year A) 1757B) 1789C) 1760D) 1755 |
|
Q10- During late 1690s, the Nawab of Bengal was A) Akbar II B) Khuda Baksh C) Shujauddaulah D) Murshid Quli Khan |
|
Q11– Alivardi Khan passed away in the year A) 1756
B) 1791 C) 1780 D) 1777 |
|
Q12 ______ was the first major victory of Englishmen in India. A) Battle of Plassey B) Battle of Madras C) battle of Mysore D) Battle of Delhi |
|
Q13- _____ led Englishmen in the Battle of Plassey against
Bengal Nawab in 1757 A) Warren Hasting B) Louis Mountbaitten C) Robert Clive D) Lord Canning |
|
Q14- _____ were appointed by Company in Indian States after
Battle of Buxar A) Resident B) Nawab C) Minister D) Financer |
|
Q15- Battle of Buxar was fought in A) 1765 B) 1764 C) 1767 D) 1769 |
|
Q16- Richard Wellsely was Governor General of Bengal from A) 1798-1805 B) 1790-95 C) 1766-1770 D) 1775-1780 |
|
Q17- Kolkata city is on the banks of river A) Yamuna B) Hugli C) Swarnaprabha D) Mahi |
|
Q18- _____ was capital of Tipu Sultan A) Calicut B) Mangalore C) Seringapatnam D) Masulipatnam |
|
Q19- Sirajuddaulah was the successor of A) Murshid Quli Khan B) Shah Alam II C) Alivardi Khan D) Aslam II |
|
Q20- _______ was administrative head of Marathas based in Pune. A) Holkar B) Scindia C) Peshwa D) Bhonsle |
|
Q21- _______ was Bengal’s governor in 1764. A) Lord Canning B) Sujauddaulah C) Robert Clive D) Warren Hasting |
|
Q22- Marathas were defeated by English in _____ battle of
Panipat. A) third B) first C) fourth D) second |
|
Q23- After Second Anglo-Maratha war, Peshwa was sent to exile
near A) Lucknow B) Bithur C) Delhi D) Amravati |
|
Q24- In 1765, Mughal Empire appointed ____ as Diwan of Bengal
Provinces. A) East India Company B) Nawab C) Nagarseth D) Akbar II |
|
Q25- ______ preceded Tipu Sultan A) Mir Jafar B) Haider
Ali C) Aslam II D) Lord
Canning |
|
Q26- Doctorine of Lapse was introduced by A) Lord Canning B) Lord Dalhousie C) Lord Clive D) Lord Curjon |
|
Q27- First Anglo-Maratha war ended with _______ A) Treaty of Kanpur B) treaty of Salbai C) Treaty of Bithur D) Poona Treaty |
|
Q28- ____ is referred as ‘Tiger of Mysore’. A) Haider Ali B) Akbar C) Tipu Sultan D) Shah Alam II |
|
Q29- Lord Hasting became Governor General in A) 1813 B) 1819 C) 1773 D) 1775 |
|
Q30- ______ was defeated by Englishmen in the Battle of Buxar. A) Mir Qasim B) Mir Jafar C)
Sirajudaulah D)
Alivardi Khan |
|
Q31- ________ was annexed under Doctorine of Lapse in 1848 A) Poona B) Satara C) Gwaliar D) Kanpur |
|
Q32- Rani Channamma revolted against British in A) Kitoor B) Lahore C) Kanpur D) Mangalore |
|
Q33- The war of british with Afghanistan started in the year A) 1838 B) 1835 C) 1850 D) 1822 |
|
Q34- During British – Afghan War, Maharaja _____ was King of
Punjab. A) Zorawar Singh B) Ranjit
Singh C) Surendra
Singh D) Fateh Singh |
|
Q35- Jhansi was annexed by Lord Dalhousie in A) 1855B) 1854C) 1859D) 1868 |
|
Q36- ________ was not under British rule in 1857. A) Bombay B) Madras C) Hyderabad D) Benaras |
|
Q37- Criminal court in each district was called _____ Adalat. A) Diwani B) Faujdari C) Civil D) Marriage |
|
Q38- Diwani Adalat was ______ court. A) civil B) criminal C) Faujdari D) Crime |
|
Q39- British Parliament was called- A) House of Commons B) House of Lords C) White House
D) Imperial House |
|
Q40- _____ translated digest of Hindu Laws in English in 1775 A) Hastings B) Canning C) N B Halhed D) Cornwille |
8.
B. Fill
in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence.
(i)British territories were broadly divided into
administrative units called …………….
(ii) ………and ………… were two famous Maratha soldiers
and statesmen of the late 18th century.
(iii) The Royal Charter could not prevent other
European powers from entering the …………… markets.
(iv) The Bengal Nawabs asserted their power and
autonomy after the death of ………
(v) ……… was made the Nawab of Bengal after the
defeat of Sirajuddaulah at Plassey.
(vi) The Company took over Awadh in the year
……………..
(vii) The principal figure in an Indian district
was the …………….
(viii)The first Anglo-Maratha war ended with the
Treaty of …………………
C. State
whether each of the following statements is True or False.
(i)The Maratha power was crushed in the third
Anglo-Maratha war.
(ii) Tipu Sultan disallowed local merchants from trading with the
Company.
(iii) The Company took away parts of territories from Punjab and Satara
on the basis of ‘subsidiary alliance’.
(iv) The Mughal emperor appointed the Company as the Diwgzt of the
provinces of Bengal in the year 1700.
(v) Sirajuddaulah got help from his commander Mir Jafar and finally won
victory in the Battle of Plassey.
(vi) Lord Dalhousie’s ‘Doctrine of Lapse’ proved to be a total failure.
D. Very Short Answer Type Questions
1.
Who was the ruler of England in
1600?
2.
What caused huge loss of revenue in
Bengal?
3.
Why did the Company want a puppet
ruler?
4.
What was the main reason for the
defeat of Sirajuddaulah at Plassey?
5.
Why did the Battle of Plassey become
famous?
6.
Whom did the Company install in
place of Mir Jafar?
7.
How did the Company purchase Indian
goods?
8. Who
were called ‘nabobs’?
9. Who
were the Residents?
10. What
purpose did the Residents serve?
11. Name
the two rulers under whose leadership Mysore became powerful.
12. What
happened in the-Battle of Seringapatam?
13. What
was the result of the second Anglo-Maratha war?
14. What
was the objective behind the Company’s new policy of ‘paramountcy ’?
15. What
was the result of Rani Channamma’s anti-British resistance movement?
16. What
was Lord Dalhousie’s Doctrine of Lapse?
17. Name
the Kingdoms which were annexed on the basis of ‘Doctrine of Lapse’.
18. What
constituted the Mughal army?
19. Why
was Warren Hastings, the first Governor-General of India, tried after he
returned to England?
20. What
was the result of this trial?
E. Short Answer Type Questions
1.
Give an account of different
European trading companies besides the British East India Company that entered
the Eastern markets.
2.
What were the grievances of
the Company regarding the Nawabs of Bengal?
3.
Write a note on Tipu
Sultan-The ‘Tiger of Mysore’.
4.
Give a brief description of
all the three Anglo-Maratha wars. Also write the main consequences.
5.
What administrative
reformations were brought in the sphere of justice?
F. Long Answer Type Questions
1. Give
an account of the Battle of Plassey.
2. Who
introduced the policy of ‘Paramounty’? What did it mean? What sort of
resistance did the Company face?
3.
How did the East India Company
begin trade in Bengal?
Very Short Answer Type Questions
1.
Who was the ruler of England in 1600?
Answer:
Queen Elizabeth, I was the ruler of England in 1600.
2.
What caused huge loss of revenue in
Bengal?
Answer:
Aurangzeb’s Farman had granted the Company only the right to trade duty-free.
But the officials of the Company, who were carrying on private trade on the
side, also stopped paying duty. This caused a huge loss of revenue for Bengal.
3.
Why did the Company want a puppet
ruler?
Answer: A puppet ruler would willingly give it trade concessions and other privileges.
4.
What was the main reason for the
defeat of Sirajuddaulah at Plassey?
Answer:
Mir Jafar, one of Sirajuddaulah’s commanders, did not fight the battle.
5.
Why did the Battle of Plassey become
famous?
Answer:
It was the first major victory the Company won in India.
6.
Whom did the Company install in place
of Mir Jafar?
Answer:
The company installed Mir Qasim in place of Mir Jafar.
7.
How did the Company purchase Indian
goods?
Answer:
It purchased Indian goods with gold and silver imported from Britain.
8.
Who was called ‘nabobs’?
Answer:
Several Company officials returned to Britain with wealth and led flashy lives
and showed their riches with great pride. They were called “nabobs’.
9.
Who were the Residents?
Answer:
The Residents were the political or commercial agents and their job was to
serve and further the interests of the Company.
10. What purpose did the Residents serve?
Answer:
Through the residents, the Company officials began interfering in the internal
affairs of Indian states.
11. Name the two rulers under whose leadership Mysore became
powerful.
Answer:
Haider Ali and his son, Tipu Sultan.
12. Why did Tipu Sultan develop a close relationship with the French
in India?
Answer:
He did so in order to modernise his army with their help.
13. What happened in the-Battle of Seringapatam?
Answer:
Tipu Sultan was killed defending his capital Seringapatam.
14. What was the result of the second Anglo-Maratha war?
Answer:
The British gained Orissa and the territories north of the Yamuna river
including Agra and Delhi.
15. What was the objective behind the Company’s new policy of
‘paramountcy ’?
Answer:
The Company claimed that its authority was paramount or supreme and therefore
its power was greater than that of Indian states.
16. What was the result of Rani Channamma’s anti-British resistance
movement?
Answer:
She was put in the prison where she died.
17. What was Lord Dalhousie’s Doctrine of Lapse?
Answer:
If an Indian ruler died without a male heir his kingdom would become the part
of Company territory.
18. Name the Kingdoms which were annexed on the basis of ‘Doctrine
of Lapse’.
Answer:
Satara, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Nagpur, and Jhansi.
19. What constituted the Mughal army?
Answer:
Cavalry and infantry, that is; paidal soldiers.
20. Why was Warren Hastings, the first Governor-General of India,
tried after he returned to England?
Answer:
He was tried for the misgovernance of Bengal.
21. What was the result of this trial?
Answer:
Warren Hastings was impeached.
Short Answer Type Questions
1. Give an account of different European trading companies
besides the British East India Company that entered the Eastern markets.
Answer:
Different European trading companies were:
a)
The Portuguese. By
the time the first English ships sailed down the West coast of Africa, round
the Cape of Good Hope, and crossed the Indian Ocean, the Portuguese had already
established their presence in the western coast of India and had their base in
Goa.
b)
The Dutch. By the
early 17th century, the Dutch too were exploring the possibilities of trade in
the Indian Ocean.
c)
The French. The
French traders soon arrived on the scene for the same purpose.
2.What were the grievances of the Company regarding the Nawabs
of Bengal?
Answer:
The Company declared that the unjust demands of the local officials were
ruining the trade of the Company. Trade could flourish only if the duties were
removed. It was also convinced that to expand trade it had to enlarge its
settlements, buy up villages and rebuild its forts.
3.
Write a note on Tipu Sultan – The
‘Tiger of Mysore’.
Answer:
Tipu Sultan was the famous ruler of Mysore. He ruled Mysore from 1782 to 1799.
Under his leadership, Mysore became very powerful. It controlled the profitable
trade of the Malabar coast where the Company purchased pepper and cardamom. In
1785 Tipu Sultan stopped the export of these items through the ports of his
kingdom and disallowed local merchants from trading with the Company. He also
developed a relationship with the French in India to modernise his army with
their help. The British got furious. They waged four battles against Tipu
Sultan. The last battle proved unfortunate for him. He was killed defending his
capital Seringapatam. The way he resisted the British is undoubtedly
praiseworthy.
4.
Give a brief description of all the
three Anglo-Maratha Wars. Also, write the main consequences.
Answer:
The Company waged a series of wars against the Marathas in order to crush
Maratha power:
a)
In the first war,
there was no clear victor, hence it ended in 1782 with the Treaty of Sabai.
b)
The second Anglo –
Maratha War began in 1803 and ended in 1805. This war was fought on different
fronts resulting in the British gaining Orissa and the territories north of the
Yamuna river including Agra and Delhi.
c)
The Third Anglo –
Maratha War of 1817-1819 crushed Maratha power. The Peshwa was removed. The
Company now had complete control over the territories south of the Vindhyas.
5.
What administrative reformations were
brought in the sphere of justice?
Answer:
Before the reformations were brought, there were Maulvis and Hindu pandits who
interpreted Indian laws for the European district collectors who presided over
civil courts. The criminal courts were still under a qazi and a mufti. The
Brahman pandits usually gave different interpretations of local laws. But there
was no uniformity in them. To bring out about uniformity, in 1775 eleven
pandits were asked to compile a digest of Hindu laws. N.B. Halhed translated
this digest into English. By 1778 a code of Muslim laws was also compiled for
the benefit of European judges, under the Regulating Act of 1773, a new Supreme
Court was established, while a court of appeal – the Sadar Nizamal Adalat – was
also set up at Calcutta.
Long Answer Type Questions
1.
Give an account of the Battle of
Plassey.
Answer:
The Company was very keen to have a puppet ruler in place of Sirajuddaulah so
that it might enjoy trade concessions and other privileges. It began to help
one of Sirajuddaulah’s rivals become the nawab. This infuriated Sirajuddaulah.
He sternly asked the Company to stop meddling in the political affairs of his
dominion. After negotiations failed, the Nawab marched with his soldiers to the
English factory at Kasimbazar, captured the Company officials, disarmed all
Englishmen, and blocked English ships. Then he marched to Calcutta to establish
control over the Company’s fort there. As soon as the Company officials in
Madras heard the news of the fall of Calcutta, they sent forces under the
command of Robert Clive, reinforced by naval fleets. Prolonged negotiations
with the Nawab followed. But no concrete solution came out. Finally, in 1759, Robert
Clive led the Company’s army against Sirajuddaulah at Plassey.
In this battle, Sirajuddaulah got
defeated. The main reason was that one of his commanders, Mir Jafar, did not
fight the battle. He, in fact, supported the Company by not fighting because the
Company had promised to make him Nawab after defeating Sirajuddaulah. The
victory of the Company in the Battle of Plassey gave it immense confidence. It
was the first major victory of the Company in India.
2.
Who introduced the policy of
‘paramounty’? What did it mean? What sort of resistance did the Company face?
Answer:
Lord Hastings, who was the Governor-General of India from 1813 to 1823,
introduced a new policy of ‘paramounty’. Now the Company claimed that its
authority was paramount or supreme, hence its power was greater than that of
Indian states. In order to protect its interests, it was justified in annexing
or threatening to annex any Indian kingdom.
However, this process did not go unchallenged. For example, when the British
tried to annex, the small state of Kitoor (in Karnataka today), Rani Channamma
took to arms and led an anti-British resistance movement. She was arrested in
1823 and died in prison in 1829. But this resistance movement did not stop. It
was carried on by Rajana, a poor chowkidar of Sangoli in Kitoor. With popular
support, he destroyed many British camps and records. He was also caught and
hanged by the British in 1830.
3.
How did the East India Company begin
to trade in Bengal?
Answer:
The East India Company set up the first English factory on the banks of the
river Hugh in the year 1651. This became the base from which the Company’s
traders, known at that time as ‘factors’, operated. The factory had a warehouse
where goods for export were stored and it had offices where Company officials
set. As trade expanded, the Company persuaded merchants and traders to come and
settle near the factory.
By 1696 the Company began to build a fort around the settlement.
Two years later it bribed Mughal officials into giving the Company zamindari
rights over three villages. One of these was Kalikata which later developed
into a city, known as Calcutta. The Company also persuaded the Mughal emperor
Aurangzeb to issue a firman granting the Company the right to trade duty-free.
The Company tried continuously to press for more concessions and manipulate
existing privileges. For instance, Aurangzeb’s Farman had granted only the
Company the right to trade duty-free. But Company officials who were carrying
on private trade on the side were expected to pay duty. But they refused to
pay. This caused huge loss of revenue for Bengal.
************
CHAPTER-03:
RULING
THE COUNTRYSIDE
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. One-third of the population was
wiped out from Bengal because
(a) a terrible famine occurred there (b) a civil war broke out
(c) an epidemic broke out (d)
none of the above
2. The Mahalwari System was devised by
(a) Charles Cornwallis (b)
Robert Clive (c) Holt Mackenzie (d) James Mill
3. The ryots were
(a) cultivators (b)
zamindars (c) traders (d)
money-lenders
4. The Indigo Commission was set up to
enquire into the system of indigo production. Whom did the Commission hold
guilty?
(a) The ryots (b) The government (c) The planters (d) Both (a) and (b)
5.
After the indigo production collapsed in Bengal, the planters shifted
their operation to
(a) Gujarat (b) Bihar (c) Orissa (d) Rajasthan
|
Q1- East India Company
got Diwani of Bengal in A) 1762 B) 1765 C) 1770 D) 1764 |
|
Q2- A terrible famine
had stuck Bengal in A) 1770 B) 1775 C) 1779 D) 1764 |
|
Q3- As Diwan, the
company had to look after _______ of Bengal A) financial administration B) defence C) religious
issues D) judiciary |
|
Q4- Artisans started
deserting bengal villages because A) of famine B) unavailability
of raw material. C) they were forced to sell goods at low prices. D) Floods |
|
Q5- ______ was
Governor General of India in 1793 A) Warren Hastings B) Charles Cornwallis C) Louis Chole D) George Martin |
|
Q6- Under permanent
settlements, Rajas and Talukdars were recognised as A) Zamindars B) Kings C) Diwans D) Peasants |
|
Q7- Nearly _____
people died in Bengal famine that occurred in 1770 A) 20 million B) 1 million C) 10 million D) 25 million |
|
Q8- Many cultivators
lost their land because A) rent was high. B) of famine. C) of no rainfall. D) they were
jailed. |
|
Q9- Zamindars were
responsible for collecting ____ from peasants. A) rent B) goods C) food D) money |
|
Q10- Mahalwari system
was introduced in A) 1822 B) 1854 C) 1830 D) 1825 |
|
Q11- When Company got the
Diwani of Bengal, the Governor General of the A) Presidency was B) Lord Dalhousie C) Lord Mountbatten D) Robert Clive James Mill |
|
Q12- Under the
Mahalwari system, each ____ were called Mahal. A) village B) peasants C) houses D) towns |
|
Q13- _____ was Madras
governor in 1819. A) Thomas Munro B) Franklin C) Jacob Smith D) Holt Mackenzie |
|
Q14- The company
introduced _____ in 1793 A) Judiciary
changes B) Permanent Settlement C) administrative
reforms D) agriculture
reforms |
|
Q15- Over _______ of
Bengal population was wiped out due to the famine of 1770. A) One third B) one fifth C) one half D) two third |
|
Q16- _______ was
introduced in 1819. A) Ryotwari system B) Mahalwari
system C) agriculture
reforms D) Judiciary
reforms |
|
Q17- Morris cotton
print was invented by A) William Morris B) Robert Morris C) John Morris D) Morris Will |
|
Q18- _______ collected
revenues under Mahalwari system. A) Zamindars B) English
officials C) village headmen D) soldiers |
|
Q19- ______ devised Mahalwari
system in 1922. A) Robert Mills B) Cornwille C) Holt Mackenzie D) Warren Hastings |
|
Q20- If zamindars
didn’t paid revenue, then British A) used to jail
them. B) seize their
goods C) auction their land. D) punish them. |
6.
B.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence.
1. Indigo cultivation was done under
two main systems known as ………… and
2. By the terms of the Permanent
Settlement, the rajas and taluqdars were recognized as ……………
3. ………. developed Ryotwari System which
gradually extended all over south India.
4. The indigo villages were usually
around indigo factories owned by ……………….
5. The planters at times pressurised
the village headmen to sign the …………… on behalf of the ryots.
C.
State whether each of the following statements is True or False.
(i)
Indigo could be cultivated only on fertile lands.
(ii)
Indigo was easily available in Europe.
(iii)
Thomas Munro was the Governor of Bengal during 1819-26.
(iv) The
Permanent Settlement created many problems.
(v) The
Bengal economy boomed after the Company was appointed as Diwan of that
province.
D. Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. Why were Bengal artisans deserting
villages?
2. Name the Governor-General of India
when the Permanent Settlement was introduced.
3. What did the Permanent Settlement
actually mean?
4. What problems did zamindars face
under the Permanent Settlement?
5.
Who was William Morris?
6.
Who created Kalamkari print?
7. What is common in the two prints—-a
Kalamkari print and a Morris cotton print?
8. What is indigo?
9. Why did cloth dyers prefer indigo to
woad?
10. Where did the French begin
cultivating indigo?
11.
Where did the English cultivate indigo?
12.
What did nij cultivation require?
13. What was big problem for the
planters?
14.
What role did women play in the cultivation of indigo?
15.
What did indigo workers do in waist- deep water?
16. Who were the gomasthas?
17.
Who were the lathiyals?
E.
Short Answer Type Questions
1.
How did the Bengal economy fall into a deep crisis?
2.
What were the consequences of the economic crisis that gripped Bengal?
3.
Give a brief description of the Mahalwari System.
4.
What was the Munro system? or what was Ryotwari system?
5.
By the end of the 18th century, the demand for Indian indigo grew
further. What were the reasons behind it?
6.
How did indigo trade attract foreign traders?
7.
How was indigo cultivated under the ryoti system?
8.
Why did the indigo cultivators decide to rebel? How did they show their
anger?
9. Why was the Indigo Commission set up
by the government? What were its findings and suggestions?
F.
Long Answer Type Questions
1. What were the terms of the Permanent
Settlement? What problems did it pose?
2.
What was nij cultivation? What were the problems with it?
Or, Why were planters reluctant to expand the area under nij cultivation
till the late 19th century?
3.
Describe different stages of the
production of indigo.
Very Short Answer Type Questions
1.
Who was the ruler of England in 1600?
Answer:
Queen Elizabeth, I was the ruler of England in 1600.
2.
What caused huge loss of revenue in
Bengal?
Answer:
Aurangzeb’s farman had granted the Company only the right to trade duty-free.
But the officials of the Company, who were carrying on private trade on side,
also stopped paying duty. This caused a huge loss of revenue for Bengal.
3.
Why did the Company want a puppet
ruler?
Answer:
A puppet ruler would willingly give it trade concessions and other privileges.
4.
What was the main reason for the
defeat of Sirajuddaulah at Plassey?
Answer:
Mir Jafar, one of Sirajuddaulah’s commanders, did not fight the battle.
5.
Why did the Battle of Plassey become
famous?
Answer:
It was the first major victory the Company won in India.
6.
Whom did the Company install in place
of Mir Jafar?
Answer:
Company installed Mir Qasim in place of Mir Jafar.
7.
How did the Company purchase Indian
goods?
Answer:
It purchased Indian goods with gold and silver imported from Britain.
8.
Who were called ‘nabobs’?
Answer:
Several Company officials returned to Britain with wealth and led flashy lives
and showed their riches with great pride. They were called “nabobs’.
9.
Who were the Residents?
Answer:
The Residents were the political or commercial agents and their job was to
serve and further the interests of the Company.
10. What purpose did the Residents serve?
Answer:
Through the residents, the Company officials began interfering in the internal
affairs of Indian states.
11. Name the two rulers under whose leadership Mysore became
powerful.
Answer:
Haider Ali and his son, Tipu Sultan.
12. Why did Tipu Sultan develop a close relationship with the French
in India?
Answer:
He did so in order to modernise his army with their help.
13. What happened in the-Battle of Seringapatam?
Answer:
Tipu Sultan was killed defending his capital Seringapatam.
14. What was the result of the second Anglo-Maratha war?
Answer:
The British gained Orissa and the territories north of the Yamuna river
including Agra and Delhi.
15. What was the objective behind the Company’s new policy of
‘paramountcy ’?
Answer:
The Company claimed that its authority was paramount or supreme and therefore
its power was greater than that of Indian states.
16. What was the result of Rani Channamma’s anti-British resistance
movement?
Answer:
She was put in the prison where she died.
17. What was Lord Dalhousie’s Doctrine of Lapse?
Answer:
If an Indian ruler died without a male heir his kingdom would become the part
of Company territory.
18. Name the Kingdoms which were annexed on the basis of ‘Doctrine
of Lapse’.
Answer:
Satara, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Nagpur and Jhansi.
19. What constituted the Mughal army?
Answer:
Cavalry and infantry, that is; paidal soldiers.
20. Why was Warren Hastings, the first Governor-General of India,
tried after he returned to England?
Answer:
He was tried for the misgovernance of Bengal.
21. What was the result of this trial?
Answer:
Warren Hastings was impeached.
Short Answer Type Questions
1.
Give an account of different European
trading companies besides the British East India Company that entered the
Eastern markets.
Answer:
Different European trading companies were:
2.
The Portuguese. By
the time the first English ships sailed down the West coast of Africa, round
the Cape of Good Hope, and crossed the Indian Ocean, the Portuguese had already
established their presence in the western coast of India and had their base in
Goa.
3.
The Dutch. By the
early 17th century, the Dutch too were exploring the possibilities of trade in
the Indian Ocean.
4.
The French. The
French traders soon arrived on the scene for the same purpose.
2. What were the grievances of the Company regarding the Nawabs of
Bengal?
Answer:
The Company declared that the unjust demands of the local officials were
ruining the trade of the Company. Trade could flourish only if the duties were
removed. It was also convinced that to expand trade it had to enlarge its
settlements, buy up villages and rebuild its forts.
3. Write a note on Tipu Sultan – The ‘Tiger of Mysore’.
Answer:
Tipu Sultan was the famous ruler of Mysore. He ruled Mysore from 1782 to 1799.
Under his leadership, Mysore became very powerful. It controlled the profitable
trade of the Malabar coast where the Company purchased pepper and cardamom. In
1785 Tipu Sultan stopped the export of these items through the ports of his
kingdom, and disallowed local merchants from trading with the Company. He also
developed relationship with the French in India to modernise his army with
their help. The British got furious. They waged four battles against Tipu
Sultan. The last battle proved unfortunate for him. He was killed depending his
capital Seringapatam. The way he resisted the British is undoubtedly
praiseworthy.
4. Give a brief description of all the three Anglo-Maratha Wars.
Also, write the main consequences.
Answer:
The Company waged a series of wars against the Marathas in order to crush
Maratha power:
1.
In the first war
there was no clear victor, hence it ended in 1782 with the Treaty of Sabai.
2.
The second Anglo –
Maratha War began in 1803 and ended in 1805. This war was fought on different
fronts resulting in the British gaining Orissa and the territories north of the
Yamuna river including Agra and Delhi.
3.
The third Anglo –
Maratha War of 1817-1819 crushed Maratha power. The Peshwa was removed. The
Company now had complete control over the territories south of the Vindhyas.
5.What administrative reformations
were brought in the sphere of justice?
Answer:
Before the reformations were brought, there were Maulvis and Hindu pandits who
interpreted Indian laws for the European district collectors who presided over
civil courts. The criminal courts were still under a qazi and a mufti. The
Brahman pandits usually gave different interpretations of local laws. But there
was no uniformity in them. To bring out about uniformity, in 1775 eleven
pandits were asked to compile a digest of Hindu laws. N.B. Halhed translated
this digest into English. By 1778 a code of Muslim laws was also compiled for
the benefit of European judges, under the Regulating Act of 1773, a new Supreme
Court was established, while a court of appeal – the Sadar Nizamal Adalat – was
also set up at Calcutta.
Long Answer Type Questions
1.
Give an account of the Battle of
Plassey.
Answer:
The Company was very keen to have a puppet ruler in place of Sirajuddaulah so
that it might enjoy trade concessions and other privileges. It began to help
one of Sirajuddaulah’s rivals become the nawab. This infuriated Sirajuddaulah.
He sternly asked the Company to stop meddling in the political affairs of his
dominion. After negotiations failed, the Nawab marched with his soldiers to the
English factory at Kasimbazar, captured the Company officials, disarmed all
Englishmen and blocked English ships. Then he marched to Calcutta to establish
control over the Company’s fort there. As soon as the Company officials in
Madras heard the news of the fall of Calcutta, they sent forces under the
command of Robert Clive, reinforced by naval fleets. Prolonged negotiations
with the Nawab followed. But no concrete solution came out. Finally, in 1759,
Robert Clive led the Company’s army against Sirajuddaulah at Plassey.
In this battle, Sirajuddaulah got
defeated. The main reason was that one of his commanders, Mir Jafar, did not
fight the battle. He, in fact, supported the Company by not fighting because
the Company had promised to make him Nawab after defeating Sirajuddaulah. The
victory of the Company in the Battle of Plassey gave it immense confidence. It
was the first major victory of the Company in India.
2.
Who introduced the policy of
‘paramounty’? What did it mean? What sort of resistance did the Company face?
Answer:
Lord Hastings, who was the Governor-General of India from 1813 to 1823,
introduced a new policy of ‘paramounty’. Now the Company claimed that its
authority was paramount or supreme, hence its power was greater than that of
Indian states. In order to protect its interests it was justified in annexing
or threatening to annex any Indian kingdom.
However, this process did not go unchallenged. For example, when the British
tried to annex, the small state of Kitoor (in Karnataka today), Rani Channamma
took to arms and led an anti-British resistance movement. She was arrested in
1823 and died in prison in 1829. But this resistance movement did not stop. It
was carried on by Rajana, a poor chowkidar of Sangoli in Kitoor. With popular
support he destroyed many British camps and records. He was also caught and
hanged by the British in 1830.
3.
How did the East India Company begin
trade in Bengal?
Answer:
The East India Company set up first English factory on the banks of the river
Hugh in the year 1651. This became the base from which the Company’s traders,
known at that time as ‘factors’, operated. The factory had a warehouse where
goods for export were stored and it had offices where Company officials set. As
trade expanded, the Company persuaded merchants and traders to come and settle
near the factory.
By 1696 the Company began to build a
fort around the settlement. Two years later it bribed Mughal officials into
giving the Company zamindari rights over three villages. One of these was
Kalikata which later developed into a city, known as Calcutta. The Company also
persuaded the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb to issue a farman granting the Company
the right to trade duty-free. The Company tried continuously to press for more
concessions and manipulate existing privileges. For instance, Aurangzeb’s
farman had granted only the Company the right to trade duty-free. But Company
officials who were carrying on private trade on the side, were expected to pay
duty. But they refused to pay. This caused huge loss of revenue for Bengal.
***************
CHAPTER-04:
TRIBALS,
DIKUS AND THE VISION OF A GOLDEN AGE
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. The
Khonds belonged to-
(a) Gujarat (b) Jharkhand (c) Orissa (d) Punjab
2. British
officials saw these settled tribal groups as more civilised than hunter-
gatherers
(a) Gortds (b) Sahthals (c) Khonds (d) Both (a) and (b)
3. Vaishnav
preachers were the worshippers of
(a) Shiva (b) Durga (c) Krishna
(d) Vishnu
4. Kusum
and palash flowers were used to-
(a) prepare madicines (b)
make garlands
(c) colour clothes and leather (d)
prepare hair oil
5. The
Gaddis of Kulu were-
(a) shepherds (b) cattle
herders (c) fruit gatherers (d) hunters
|
Q1- _______ were
followers of Birsa Munda. A) Orans B) Bhils C) Brahmans D) Vaishyas |
|
Q2- _______ tribe is
based in Odisha. A) Bhotia B) Santhal C) Dongria Kandha D) Orans |
|
Q3- Britishers were
referred as _____ by tribals. A) killers B) devta C) Dikus D) Raja |
|
Q4- Tribals cook food
with the help of ____ seeds. A) palash B) mahua C) mango D) avocado |
|
Q5- To colour their
clothes, tribals use the flowers of A) mango B) kusum C) lotus D) rose |
|
Q6- ______ was one of
the prominent tribal leaders during the freedom struggle. A) Birsa Munda B) Bhagoji Naik C) Arjun Munda D) Ambroz Naik |
|
Q7- ___ are prominent
tribes of Maharashtra A) Banjara B) Bhils C) Bhotia D) Mala Irular |
|
Q8- Oran tribe is
based in ______ A) Kerala B) Jharkhand C) Tamilnadu D) Punjab |
|
Q9- ________ are the
tribes who never interact with the outside world. A) Khasi B) Jarawas C) Orans D) Gujjars |
|
Q10- Shifting
cultivation is known as _____ in Madhya Pradesh A) Buwai B) Bewar C) Jhuming D) Ploughing |
|
Q11- ____ is one of
the animals reared by tribals A) Yak B) Dog C) cat D) snake |
|
Q12- _______ is a
tribe based in Kashmir A) Bakarwal B) Jhum C) Santhal D) Jarawas |
|
Q13- _______ based in
Himachal Pradesh are shepherd tribes. A) Santhal B) Gaddis C) Khasi D) Bhil |
|
Q14- _____ were main people
in the tribal region before the British conquered them. A) King B) minister C) tribal chief D) advisors |
|
Q15- British failed in
their efforts to settle _____ at one place. A) tribals B) Jhum cultivators C) villagers D) farmers |
|
Q16- The Santhal revolt
took place in A) 1855 B) 1857 C) 1860 D) 1862 |
|
Q17- Warli revolt took
place in _______ in 1940. A) Gujarat B) Rajasthan C) Bihar D) Tamilnadu |
|
Q18- __________
occured in Central India in 1910. A) Bastar rebellion B) Worli revolt C) Oran revolt D) Jarawa revolt |
|
Q19- Birsa Munda died
in A) 1900 B) 1897 C) 1899 D) 1901 |
|
Q20- Tribals were
often forced to work in ____ mines of Bihar during British rule. A) coal B) gold C) petroleum D) iron |
6.
7.
B. Fill
in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence.
(i)The lives of shifting cultivators depended on
free movement within …………….
(ii) The …………… were not ready to work as
labourers.
(iii) The British wanted tribal groups to ………….
and become …………… cultivators.
(iv) The British declare that forests were ……………
property.
(v) Birsa was born in a family of ………….. a tribal
group that lived in …………………
(vi) The Santhals of Hazaribagh reared
C. State
whether each of the following statements is True or False.
(i) The traders and moneylenders never deceived
the tribal people.
(ii) The silk growers earned a lot of wealth and
therefore enjoyed a happy life.
(iii) Many tribal groups did not like the colonial
forest laws and therefore revolted.
(iv) The jhum cultivators in north-east India
stopped their traditional practice.
(v) The tribal Chiefs lost their authority under
the British time.
D. Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. Mention
different types of activities of the tribal people.
2.
Why did the British want tribal
groups to settle down and become peasant cultivators?
3.
Why did the British introduce land
settlements?
4.
Why were some forests classified as
Reserved Forests?
5.
What problem did the British face
after they stopped the tribal people from living inside forests?
6. Why
did the Forest Department establish forest villages?
7.
How did the tribal groups view the
market and the traders?
8.
Who was Birsa?
9. What
did people say about him?
10. What
problems did Birsa set out to resolve?
11. Who
were the outsiders being referred to as dikus?
12.
On what charges was Birsa convicted?
13.
When did Birsa die and how?
14. When
and where was the forest satyagraha staged?
E.
Short Answer Type Questions
1.
What were the main activities
of the Khonds living in the forests of Orissa?
2. How
did traders and moneylenders exploit the tribal people?
3.
How did the British officials
view settled tribal groups and those who moved about from place to place?
4. Describe
land settlements introduced by the British.
5.
Why was the British effort to
settle jhum cultivators not very successful?
6.
What problem did the British
face after they brought changes in forest laws? How did they solve this
problem?
7.
Give a brief history of the
revolts by different tribal groups in the country.
8.
How did Birsa resume his
movement after his release in 1897?
9. In
what ways was the Birsa movement significant?
F.
Long Answer Type Questions
1. How
did different tribal groups live? Describe in brief.
2. Give
a brief life sketch of Birsa Munda.
Very
Short Answer Questions
Question 1.
Mention different types of activities of the tribal people.
Answer:
1.
Some practiced jhum cultivation,
2.
Some were hunter-gatherers.
3.
Some herded animals.
4.
Some took to settled cultivation.
Question 2.
Why did the British want tribal groups to settle down and become peasant
cultivators?
Answer:
It was because settled peasants were easier to control and administer than
people who were always on the move.
Question 3.
Why did the British introduce land settlements?
Answer:
They did so in order to get a regular revenue source for the state.
Question 4.
Why were some forests classified as Reserved Forests?
Answer:
These forests produced timber which the British wanted.
Question 5.
What problem did the British face after they stopped the tribal people from
living inside forests?
Answer:
They faced the problem of shortage of labour.
Question 6.
Why did the Forest Department establish forest villages?
Answer:
It did so in order to ensure a regular supply of cheap labour.
Question 7.
How did the tribal groups view the market and the traders?
Answer:
They viewed them as their main enemies.
Question 8.
Who was Birsa?
Answer:
Birsa belonged to a family of Mundas, a tribal group that lived in
Chottanagpur.
Question 9.
What did people say about him?
Answer:
People said that he had miraculous powers. He could cure all diseases and
multiply grain.
Question 10.
What problems did Birsa set out to resolve?
Answer:
·
The familiar ways of tribals seemed
to be disappearing.
·
Their livelihoods were under threat.
·
The religion appeared to be in
danger. Birsa set out to resolve these problems.
Question 11.
Who were the outsiders being referred to as dikus? [Imp.]
Answer:
Traders, moneylenders, missionaries, Hindu landlords, and the British were the
outsiders being referred to as dikus.
Question 12.
On what charges was Birsa convicted?
Answer:
Birsa was convicted on the charges of rioting.
Question 13.
When did Birsa die and how?
Answer:
He died of cholera in 1900.
Question 14.
When and where was the forest satyagraha staged?
Answer:
The forest satyagraha occurred in the 1930s in the Central Provinces.
Short
Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What were the main activities of the Khonds living in the forests of Orissa?
Answer:
The Khonds were basically hunter-gatherers. They regularly went out on
collective hunts and then divided the meat amongst themselves. They ate fruits and
roots collected from the forest and cooked food with the oil they extracted
from the seeds of the sal and mahua. They used many forest shrubs and herbs for
medicinal purposes and sold forest produce in the local markets. All their
activities were based on forests.
Question 2.
How did traders and moneylenders exploit the tribal people?
Or
How were traders and moneylenders cause of the tribals’ misery? [V. Imp.]
Answer:
Tribal groups often needed to buy and sell in order to be able to get the goods
that were not produced within the locality. This led to their dependence on
traders and moneylenders. Traders came around with things for sale. They sold
the goods at high prices.
Moneylenders used to give loans with
which the tribals met their cash needs, adding to what they earned. But the
interest charged on the loans was very high. Thus, both traders and
moneylenders always exploited tribal people. It is therefore the tribals- saw
them as evil outsiders and the cause of their misery.
Question 3.
How did the British officials view settled tribal groups and those who moved
about from place to place?
Answer:
The British officials saw settled tribal groups such as the Gonds and Santhals
as more civilised than hunter-gatherers or shifting cultivators. These tribal groups
lived in the forests and kept on moving. They did not have a fixed home. The
British considered them wild and savage and therefore they needed to be settled
and civilised.
Question 4.
Describe land settlements introduced by the British.
Answer:
The British introduced land settlements to ensure a regular revenue source for
the state. Under these settlements:
·
the British measured the land,
defined the rights of each individual to that land, and fixed the revenue
demand for the state.
·
some peasants were declared
landowners, other tenants. The tenants were to pay rent to the landowner who in
turn paid revenue to the state.
Question 5.
Why was the British effort to settle jhum cultivators not very successful?
Answer:
(a) It is usually difficult to carry on settled plough cultivation in areas
where water is scarce and the soil is dry.
(b) Jhum cultivators who took to plough cultivation often suffered since their
fields did not preclude good yields. Hence, the jhum cultivators in north-east
India insisted on continuing with their traditional practice.
(c) The British faced widespread protests. Therefore, they allowed them to
carry on shifting cultivation in some parts of the forest.
Question 6.
What problem did the British face after they brought changes in forest laws?
How did they solve this problem?
Answer:
The British stopped the tribal people from living inside forests by introducing
some changes in forest laws. This created a problem. They lost labour force
because most of the jhum cultivators moved to other areas in search of work.
Who would cut trees for railway sleepers and transport logs?
Colonial officials solved this
problem by giving jhum cultivators small patches of land in the forests and
allowing them to cultivate these on the condition that these who lived in
villages would have to provide labour to the Forest Department and look after
the forests. The Forest Department established forest villages in many regions
to ensure a regular supply of cheap labour.
Question 7.
Give a brief history of the revolts by different tribal groups in the country.
Answer:
Several tribal groups in different parts of the country were unhappy with the
changes they were experiencing and the problems they were facing under the
British rule. Finally, they rebelled against the changes in laws, the
restrictions on their practices, the new taxes they had to pay, and the
exploitation by traders and moneylenders.
·
The Kols rebelled in 1831-32.
·
The Santhals rose in revolt in 1855.
·
The Bastar Rebellion in central India
broke out in 1910.
·
The Warli Revolt in Maharashtra in
1940.
·
Birsa Munda also led one such
movement.
Question 8.
How did Birsa resume his movement after his release in 1897?
Answer:
Birsa was released in 1897. Now he began touring the villages to gather
support. He used traditional symbols and language to rouse people, urging them
to destroy dikus and the Europeans and establish a kingdom under his
leadership. Birsa’s followers began targetting the symbols of dikus and
European power. They attacked police stations and churches and raided the
property of moneylenders and zamindars. They raised the white flag as a symbol
of Birsa Raj.
Question 9.
In what ways was the Birsa movement significant?
Answer:
The Birsa movement was significant in two ways:
1.
It forced the colonial government to
introduce laws so that the land of the tribals could not easily be taken over
by dikus.
2.
It showed once again that the tribal
people had the capacity to protest against injustice and express their anger
against colonial rule. They did this in their own specific way, inventing their
own rituals and symbols of struggle.
Long
Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
How did different tribal groups live? Describe in brief.
Answer:
Tribal people were involved in many different types of activities:
Some tribal people practised jhum
cultivation also known as shifting cultivation. This was done on small patches
of land, mostly in forests. The cultivators cleared off small patches of land.
They then burnt the vegetation and spread the ash from the firing, which
contained potash to fertilize the soil. They used equipment like ax and hoe for
preparing the soil for cultivation. Then they scattered the seeds on the field.
Once the crop was ready and harvested, they moved to another field. Shifting
cultivators were found in the hilly and forested tracts of north-east and
central India.
Some tribal groups were engaged in
hunting animals and gathering forest produce, hence known as
“hunter-gatherers’. They saw forests as essential for survival. The Khonds was
such a community living in the forests of Orissa. They regularly went out on
collective hunts and then divided the meat amongst themselves. They ate fruits
and roots and cooked food with the oil they extracted from the seeds of the sal
and mahua. They got rice and other grains in return for their valuable forest
produce. Sometimes they did odd jobs in the villages like carrying loads, etc.
Some tribal groups lived by herding
and rearing animals. They were pastoralists who moved with their herds of
cattle or sheep according to the seasons. For example, the Victim Gujjars of
Punjab hills, and the Labadis of Andhra Pradesh were cattle herders, the Gaddis
of Kulu were shepherds and the Bakarwals of Kashmir reared goats.
Some tribal community took to settled
cultivation. They cultivated their fields in one place year after year, instead
of moving from place to place. They began to use the plough and gradually got
rights over the land they lived on.
Question 2.
Give a brief life sketch of Birsa Munda.
Answer:
Birsa was born in the mid-1870s in a family of Mundas, a tribal group that
lived in Chottanagpur. He grew up around the forests of Bohanda, grazing sheep,
playing flute, and dancing in the local akharas. As an adolescent, Birsa heard
tales of the Munda uprisings of the past and saw sirdars (leaders) of the
community urging the people to revolt. Birsa took great interest in the sermons
of missionaries because they inspired the Mundas to attain their lost rights.
He also enjoyed the company of a prominent Vaishnav preacher. He wore the
sacred thread and began to value the importance of purity and piety.
He decided to reform tribal society.
He urged the Mundas to give up all their bad practices like drinking liquor,
etc. Here, it is worth mentioning that Birsa also turned against missionaries
and Hindu landlords. He urged his followers to restore their glorious past. He
talked of a golden age in the past when Mundas lived a very good life. They did
not kill their brethren and relatives. Birsa wanted to see these qualities again
in the tribal society.
British officials got terrified to
visualise the political aims of Birsa Munda. As the movement spread, the
government arrested him in 1895, convicted him on the charges of rioting. He
has also jailed for two years.
After Birsa was released in 1897, he
began to tour the villages to gather support. He urged his supporters to
destroy dikus and the Europeans. In 1900, he died of cholera and the movement
faded out. But it proved significant in the long run.
***********
CHAPTER-05: WHEN PEOPLE REBEL
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. The new law passed in 1850 made
(a) conversion into Christianity easier (b) people of India Christains
(c) the life of the Indians difficult (d) none of the above
2. The Revolt of 1857 began from:
(a) Lucknow (b)
Kanpur (c) Awadh (d)
Meerut
3. Mangal Pandey, a young soldier, was
hanged to death for
(a) killing an Englishman (b)
attacking his officers in Barrackpore
(c) telling lies (d)
attacking English factories
4. The Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah
Zafar died in-
(a) the Rangoon jail (b)
the Royal palace
(c) the Mosque (d)
the Audience Hall
5. The British regained control of the
country in the year
(a) 1857 (b) 1858 (c) 1859 (d) 1860
B.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence.
(i) In
the countryside peasants and zamindars resented the …………. and the rigid methods
of collection.
(ii) The
British passed laws to stop the practice of ……………. and to encourage the ………….
of widows.
(iii) The
rebels rushed to Delhi from Meerut and proclaimed ……………. as their leader.
(iv) Nana
Saheb, the adopted son of the late Peshwa Baji Rao, gathered armed forces and
expelled the ……………. from the city.
(v)
……………. fought a guerrilla war against the British with the support of several
tribal and peasant leaders.
C.
State whether each of the following statements is True or False.
(i) None
of the Indians wanted to change existing social practices.
(ii) In
1856, Governor-General Canning decided that Bahadur Shah Zafar would be the
last Mughal king.
(iii) The
Indian sepoys were unhappy about their pay, allowances and conditions of
service.
(iv) The
British could not repress the revolt and called the rebels for negotiations.
(v) After
the Revolt of 1857, the Governor- General of India was given the title of
Admiral-General.
D. Very Short Answer Type Questions
1.
What was the plea of Nana Saheb, the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao-II?
2.
What was the first step taken by the Company towards ending the Mughal
dynasty?
3.
Why were the Indian sepoys unhappy with the British rule? Give any one
reason?
4.
What rumour spread among the sepoys of the Meerut regiment about the
new cartridges?
5.
What did the ageing Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar do after he was
declared the leader of the rebels?
6.
Name any two smaller rulers who acknowledged the suzerainty of Bahadur
Shah Zafar.
7. Who was Tantia Tope?
8.
Who was Ahmadullah Shah? What was his prophesy?
9.
Who was Bakht Khan?
10.
When did the British recapture Delhi?
11.
Why powers of the East India Company transferred to the British Crown?
12.
Under what condition the ruling chiefs could pass on their kingdoms to
their heirs?
13.
Why did the British treat Muslims with suspicion and hostility?
E.
Short Answer Type Questions
1.
Under what pretext did the Company take over Awadh?
2.
How did the Company plan to bring an end to the Mughal dynasty?
3.
Why were the Indian sepoys in the employ of the Company discontented?
Give sufficient reasons.
4.
What reforms did the British introduce in the Indian society? How did
the people of India respond to them?
5.
Why did the chiefs and rulers support the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah
Zafar in the revolt?
6. How did the British try to win back
the loyalty of the people after they recaptured Delhi?
F.
Long Answer Type Questions
1. How did other Indian soldiers in
Meerut participate in the Revolt of 1857? How did the regiments stationed in
Delhi respond when they came to know about the arrival of the Meerut sepoys in
the city?
2. How did the rebellion spread to
other regions of the country?
3.
How did the Company suppress the revolt?
**********
CHAPTER-06:
COLONIALISM
AND THE CITY
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. Which group of cities was recognised
as Presidency cities?
(a) Bombay, Orissa and Calcutta
(b) Bombay, Madras and Vishakha- patnam
(c) Bombay, Madras and Calcutta
(d) Madras, Rajasthan and Calcutta
2. The capital of British India before
Delhi was
(a)Madras (b) Bombay (c) Orissa (d)
Calcutta
3. The Delhi College was built in the
year
(a) 1792 (b) 1785 (c) 1700 (d)
1695
4. The Viceroy’s Palace is now known as
(a) Rashtrapati Bhavan (b) Pradhanmantri Bhavan
(c) Mantri Bhavan (d)
Raj Bhavan
5. In 1877, Viceroy Lytton organised a
grand durbar to acknowledge Queen Victoria as the Empress of India at’
(a) Calcutta (b) Delhi (c) Bombay (d) Madras
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate
words to complete each sentence.
(i) The
period from ……… to ………. is referred to as a period of the Delhi renaissance.
(ii) The
western walls of Shahjahanabad were broken to establish the …………… and to allow
the city to expand beyond the walls.
(iii) New
Delhi was constructed as a 10-square-mile city on ……… , south of the existing
city.
(iv) The
Delhi Municipal Committee was not willing to spend money on a good ………..
system.
(v) Some
havelis were taken over by the upcoming ……………. class.
(vi) The
Delhi Improvement Trust was set up in …… and it built areas like ……. for ……
Indians.
(vii) By
the early 20th century only …………… per cent of Indians were living in cities.
C.
State whether each of the following statements is True or False.
(i) The
central dome of the Viceroy’s Palace was copied from the Mughal architecture.
(ii) New
Delhi took at least 50 years to build.
(iii) The
population of Delhi grew all of a sudden after partition.
(iv) The
Mughal aristocracy in the 17th and 18th centuries lived in large bunglows.
(v) Colonies
like Lajpat Nagar and Tilak Nagar grew at the time of partition.
(vi) The
cities like Machlipatnam, Surat and Seringapatam were deurbanised.
D. Very Short Answer Type Questions
1.
Name the two industrial cities in Britain.
2. Name the cities that were de-urbanised
in the 19th century.
3. Why were the main streets of Chandni
Chowk and Faiz Bazar made broad?
4. Where did British live in the 1870s?
5. Where, did the Indians live in the
1870s?
6. Why was a durbar held in Delhi in
1911?
7. Who visited the durbar?
8. What is Kingsway known now?
9. Why was the Viceroy’s Palace higher
than Shah Jahan’s Jama Masjid?
10. What jobs did the new migrants
coming to Delhi take up?
11.
What were havelis?
12.
What did the Census of 1931 reveal?
13.
Why did Machlipatnam lose its importance as a port-town by the late
18th century?
E.
Short Answer Type Questions
1.
Describe the main features of Shahjahanabad, built by Shah Jahan.
2.
Before 1857, developments in Delhi were somewhat different from those
in other colonial cities. How?
3.
What happened to Delhi after 1857?
4.
How did partition change the lives and occupations of the refugees?
5.
Write a short note on ‘havelis’.
6.
Describe the main features of the colonial bungalow.
F.
Long Answer Type Questions
1. Discuss the construction plan of New
Delhi.
2. What did the Census of 1931 reveal?
What attempts were made to decongest the old city?
**********
CHAPTER-07:
WEAVERS,
IRON SMELTERS AND FACTORY OWNERS
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. One of the most important Indian
ports of the 17th century.
(a)
Bombay (b) Madras (c) Surat (d)
VishakhapatnamBandana
2. patterns were mostly produced in
(a)
Rajasthan and Gujarat (b)
Rajasthan and Orissa
(c)
Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh (d) Chhattisgarh and West Bengal
3. The job of a rangrez was to
(a) Weave
cloth (b)
Dye thread
(c)
Transport goods to. the markets (d) Spin thread on the charkha
4. The
first cotton mill in India was established in
(a)
Gujarat (b)
Bombay
(c)
Madras (d)
West Bengal
5. Wootz
steel was produced all over
(a) South India (b) North
India
(c) Central
India (d)
North-east India
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each
sentence.
(i) The cotton textiles which the Portuguese took back to Europe,
alongwith the spices came to be known as ………….
(ii) The ……… was invented by John Kaye which increased the of the
traditional spindles.
(iii) Weavers often belonged to communities that specialised in
…………….
(iv) ……… and ……… emerged as important new centres of weaving in the
late 19th century.
(v) Indian Wootz steel fascinated ………………. scientists.
(vi) The Tata Iron and Steel factory is situated on the banks of
the river ………….
(vii) TISCO had to expand its capacity and extend the size of its
factory to meet the demands of the …………..
C. State whether each of the following statements is True or False.
(i) From the 1850s, Britain came to be known as the ‘workshop of the
world’.
(ii) The invention of spinning jenny and steam engine
revolutionised cotton textile weaving in England.
(iii) European trading companies such as the Dutch, the French and
the English purchased cotton and silk textiles in India by importing diamond.
(iv) Men were usually involved in the work of spinning.
(v) Iron smelting in India was extremely common till the end of the
19th century.
(vi) The Tata Iron and Steel Company began to produce steel after
the First World War.
D. Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. Give two reasons why Indian textiles
were renowned all over the world.
2.
Why were printed Indian cotton textiles I popular in England?
3. During which period patola weaving was
famous?
4. Name the origin of the word calico.
5.
Name the important centres of jamdani weaving.
6. Name two places where chintz were
produced during the mid-19th century.
7. How did European trading companies
purchase cotton and silk textiles in India?
8. Name the household spinning
instrument.
9. What did Mahatma Gandhi urge people
during the national movement?
10. What became a symbol of nationalism?
11. How did growth of cotton mills in
the country prove to be a boon for the poor peasants, artisans and agricultural
labourers?
12. How did Indian cotton factories
prove to be helpful during the First World War?
13.
Why was Tipu’s sword so special?
14. Why was the Wootz steel making
process completely lost by the mid- 19th century?
15. What were the furnaces made of?
16.
Why were bellows used?
17.
What were piece goods?
E.
Short Answer Type Questions
1.
How were Indian textiles viewed in the world market?
2.
How did the inventions of Spinning Jenny and Steam Engine revolutionise
cotton textile weaving in England?
3.
Give a description of the four regions where textile production was
concen¬trated in the early 19th century.
4.
Who were the weavers? Name some communities famous for weaving.
5.
Describe the process of cloth making.
6.
Handloom production did not completely die in India. Why?
7.
Give a brief description of growth of cotton mills in India.
8. Who are the Agarias? Why did they leave their village?
F.
Long Answer Type Questions
1. Write a few lines on each’of the
following:
(a) Patola weave (b) Jamdani weave (c) Chintz
2. How did Iron and Steel factories
come up in India?
*********
CHAPTER-08:
CIVILISING
THE “NATIVE”, EDUCATING THE NATION
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1.
The ideas of William Jones
were supported by
(a) James Mill (b)
Thomas Macaulay
(c) Charles Wood (d)
Henry Thomas Colebrooke
2.
A madrasa was set up in
Calcutta in 1781 to promote the study of-
(a) Urdu
(b) Arabic
(c) Ancient history of India (d) Muslim religion
3.
Who attacked the Orientalists?
(a) James Mill (b)
Thomas Macaulay
(c) Both (a) to (b) (c) None of the above
4.
The name associated with the
establishment of Serampore Mission
(a) Thomas Macaulay (b) Henry Thomas Colebrooke
(c) William Carey (d)
William Jones
5.
William Adam toured the
districts of
(a) Bihar and Orissa (b) Bihar and Bengal
(c) Bengal and Rajasthan (d) Orissa and Madhya Pradesh
B. Fill
in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence.
(i) Warren Hastings took the initiative to set up
the Calcutta ……… and believed that ancient customs of the country and ………..of
learning ought to be the basis of ……… rule in India.
(ii) Thomas Macaulay saw India as an …………… country that needed to be.
(iii) Together with Henry Thomas Colebrooke and Nathaniel Halhed, Jones
set up the …………. of Bengal, and started a journal called …………………
(iv) Many British officials said that knowledge of the was full of
errors and thought ………
(v) There was no system of annual examinations in …………..
(vi) Rabindranath Tagore started …………… in 1901.
C. State
whether each of the following statements is True or False.
(i) Wood’s Despatchemphasised the practical
benefits of a system of European learning.
(ii) Mahatma Gandhi never approved English education in India.
(iii) Rabindranath Tagore did a lot for the spread of English education
in India.
(iv) Pathshalas followed strict rules and regulations.
(v) Thomas Macaulay was in favour of the promotion of Oriental
institutions.
(vi) James Mills was a Scottish missionary who toured the districts of
Bengal and Bihar.
(vii) Tagore set up his school, Le. Shantirdketan in a rural setting.
D. Very Short Answer Type Questions
1.
Name the different languages that
William Jones studied.
2.
Why was Calcutta Madrasa set
up?
3.
Why was the Hindu College
established in Benaras?
4.
Name two individuals who
sharply attacked the Orientalists.
5.
What did Thomas Macaulay urge
the British government in India?
6.
How were Oriental institutions
like the Calcutta Madrasa and Benaras Sanskrit College viewed by the British?
7.
Name the places where the British
established universities.
8.
Where were classes held under the
system of pathshalas?
9.
What type of education was given to
the children in pathshalas?
10.
Why were classes not held during
harvest time?
11.
What task was assigned to the
pandit by the Company?
12.
Name two Indians who reacted against
Western education.
13.
What do you mean by Tagore’s abode
of peace?
14.
How did Tagore view his school
namely Shantmiketan?
E.
Short Answer Type Questions
1.
Why did many Company officials
in India want to promote Indian rather than Western learning?
2.
What were the views of other
Company officials?
3.
Define the term ‘vernacular’.
Why did the British use this term in colonial countries like India?
4.
What measures were taken by
the English Education Act of 1835?
5.
What measures were taken by
the British after issuing of Wood’s Despatch?
6. How
were the views of Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi on the West different?
F.
Long Answer Type Questions
1.
What was Wood’s Despatch? What
were its provisions?
2.
What measures were undertaken
by the Company to improve the system of vernacular education?
3.
What type of education did
Mahatma Gandhi want in India?
4. Write
a note on Rabindranath Tagore and his school Shantiniketan.
*************
CHAPTER-09: WOMEN, CASTE AND REFORM
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1.
The Brahmo Samaj was founded by
(a) Dayanand Saraswati (b)
Raja Rammohun Roy
(c) Vivekananda (d)
Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar
2.
The practice of sati was banned in
the year
(a) 1800 (b) 1821 (c) 1827 (d) 1829
3.
A widow home was established at
Poona by
(a) Tarabai Shinde (b)
PanditaRamabai
(c) Mumtaz Ali (d)
RokeyaSakhawat Hossain
4.
Peasants and artisans were referred
to as
(a) Vaishyas (b)
Shudras
(c) Untouchables (d)
Kshatriyas
5.
Periyar founded
(a) Self Respect Movement (b)
Temple Entry Movement .
(c) ParamhansMandali (d)
Dalit Movement
6. The
Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College was opened by
(a) Khizr Khan (b)
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
(c) Sayyid Ahmed Khan (d)
Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan
B. Fill
in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence.
(i) According to the Child Marriage Restraint of
………. and woman below the age of ……….could marry.
(ii) …………. were an important Act no man below the age untouchable caste
of present-day Andhra Pradesh.
(iii) Tarabai Shinde Published a book named …………..
(iv) Raja Rammohun Roy was well versed in ……… , ……… and several other
Indian and European languages.
(v) The Satnami movement was founded by …………. who belonged to a low
caste family.
(vi) In 1873, Jyotirao Phule wrote a Book Gulamgiri meaning …………………
(vii) The Begums of…………. played a vital role in promoting education
among women.
C. State
whether each of the following statements is True or False.
(i) Raja Rammohun Roy founded the Arya Samaj in
1875.
(ii) PanditaRamabai was a great scholar of Sanskrit and she founded a
tfidow’s home at Poona to provide shelter to widows.
(iii) The Begums of Bhopal started schools for Muslim girls in Patna.
(iv) Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar strongly criticised widow remarriage.
(v) The Arya Samaj was an association that attempted to reform
Hinduism.
(vi) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and E. V. Ramaswamy Naicker continued the movement
for caste reform in the 20th century.
(vii) Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar is popularly known as Periyar.
D. Very Short Answer Type Questions
1.
Why are social reformers described
so?
2.
How did reformers bring changes in
society?
3.
What do you mean by ‘sad’?
4.
Who were known as Vaishyas?
5.
Who was Raja Rammohun Roy?
6. What
was hook swinging festival?
7. Who
was Mumtaz Ali?.
8.
Who published the book named Stripurushtulna?
What is it about?
9.
How did widow’s home at Poona help
the widows?
10.
What was the contribution of
Christian missionaries in spreading education among tribal groups and lower
castes?
11.
Why do people view leather workers
with contempt?
12.
Who were Madigas?
13.
Who were Shudras?
14.
Who were Ati Shudras?
15.
What was the SatyashodhakSamaj? Who
founded it?
16.
Why did E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker leave
the Congress?
17.
Name the Hindu scriptures which were
criticised by Periyar.
18. Why
were untouchable students not allowed to enter the classrooms where upper-caste
boys were taught?
E.
Short Answer Type Questions
1.
What did Raja Rammohun Roy do
to end the practice of sati?
2.
Give an account of the
movement that spread in different parts of the country in favour of widow
remarriage. Did the movement get success?
3.
What do you know about Tarabai
Shinde and PanditaRamabai? What did they do for improving the condition of
women.
4.
Give a brief description of
movements that were organised by people from within the lower castes against
caste discrimination.
5. Who
was E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker? What, did he do to improve the condition of the
untouchables?
F.
Long Answer Type Questions
1.
Why were changes necessary in
Indian society?
2.
How did women involve
themselves in their upliftment?
************
CHAPTER-10: THE MAKING OF THE NATIONAL
MOVEMENT
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. The book Poverty
and Un-British Rule in India is authored by
(a) Mahatma Gandhi (b)
DadabhaiNaoroji
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru (d)
Sarojini Naidu
2. The Marathi
newspaper was edited by
(a) Balgangadhar Tilak (b)
Bepin Chandra Pal
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai (d)
DadabhaiNaoroji
3. The slogan
‘Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it’ was raised by
(a) Bepin Chandra Pal (b)
Sarojini Naidu
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai (d)
Balgangadhar Tilak
4. The Indian who
renounced his knighthood after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre
(a) Subhas Chandra Bose (b)
Rabindranath Tagore
(c) Abanindranath Tagore (d)
Bhagat Singh
5. The first Indian
woman to become President of the Indian National Congress was
(a) Sarojini Naidu (b)
Kamla Nehru
(c) Begum RokeyaShakhawat Hossain (d)
Kasturba Gandhi
6. Free India’s
first Indian Governor- General was
(a) Lala Lajpat Rai (b)
Motilal Nehru
(c) C. Rajagopalachari (d)
Sardar Ballabbhai Patel
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to
complete each sentence.
(i) The Indian National Congress was established when ................
delegates from all over the country met at .................. in December 1885.
(ii) The Moderate leaders did not believe in .............. actions.
(iii) The All India Muslim League was formed by a group of Muslim .............
and ................
(iv) The Rowlatt Act curbed ............ rights such as the freedom of
expression and strengthened ............... powers.
(v) Mahatma Gandhi abruptly called off the ........... Movement when it took
violent turn.
(vi) The Congress resolved to fight for Puma Swaraj in 1929 under the
presidentship of ...................
(vii) The Quit India Movement started in August ..............
C.
State whether
each of the following statements is True or False.
(i)
Subhas Chandra Bose was a moderate nationalist.
(ii) The Simon Commission had two Indian representatives.
(iii) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred in Amritsar on Baishakhi day.
(iv) The Swadeshi Movement started after the partition of Bengal.
(v) MaulanaAzad became the major spokes-person for the demand for Pakistan.
(vi) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, also known as Badshah Khan, founded the
KhudaiKhidmatgars.
D.
Very Short Answer Type
Questions
1.
What is the literal meaning of sarvajanik?
2.
Who was A.O. Hume? What role did he play in the
history of India?
3.
Who was the Viceroy of India at the time of the
partition of Bengal?
4.
What was the Swadeshi Movement known as in
deltaic Andhra?
5.
Name the three leading members of the Radical
group.
6.
Why did Mahatma Gandhi along with other Indians
establish the Natal Congress in South Africa?
7.
Name three places where Gandhiji started local
movements.
8.
Why did Rabindranath Tagore renounce his
knighthood?
9.
Who were the leaders of the Khilafat agitation?
10.
What does ‘Punjab wrongs’ refer to?
11.
Who was Chitta Ranjan Das?
12.
What does RSS stand for?
13.
Who was Bhagat Singh? What slogan did he raise?
14.
What does HSRA stand for?
15.
Why did Mahatma Gandhi decide to break the Salt
Law?
16.
On what condition-were the Congress leaders ready
to support the British war effort at the time of the Second World War?
17.
Did the British accept their condition?
18.
Who raised the slogan ‘do or die’?
19.
Why did the Muslim League announced 16
August 1946 as ‘Direct Action Day’?
E.
Short Answer Type Questions
1.
What were the demands of the Congress in its
early years?
2.
What caused the partition of Bengal in 1905?
3.
What were the consequences of the partition of
Bengal?
4.
What was the Khilafat agitation?
5.
How did people participate in the Non-Cooperation
Movement during 1921-22?
6.
Why was the Simon Commission sent to India? Why
did Indians boycott it?
7.
What role did Ambabai play in the Indian freedom
struggle?
8.
Write a brief paragraph on Maulana Azad.
9.
Write a brief note on Khan Abdul Ghajfar Khan.
F.
Long Answer Type Questions
1.
What was the Rowlatt Act? Give an account of the
Rowlatt Satyagraha?
2.
Describe Gandhi’s march to Dandi.
3.
Under what circumstances did Gandhiji initiate
the Quit India Movement?
*********
CHAPTER-11: INDIA AFTER INDEPENDENCE
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. Which one is not
a feature of the Indian Constitution?
(a) It adopted universal adult franchise
(b) It gave politicians special powers
(c) It provided equality before law to all citizens
(d) It offered special privileges for the poorest and most disadvantaged
Indians
2. Which one is the
subject of the State List?
(a) Education (b) Defence (c) Forests (d)
Agriculture
3. Who is called
the father of the Indian Constitution?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi (b)
Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Vallabhbhai Patel (d)
Bhimrao Ambedkar
4. The bilingual
state of Bombay was divided into separate states for
(a) Marathi and Telugu speakers (b)
Marathi and Malayalam speakers
(c) Marathi and Gujarati speakers (d)
Bengali and Gujarati speakers
5. Who was the
Deputy Prime Minister of the Independent India?
(a) Motilal Nehru (b)
Bhim Rao Ambedkar
(c) Vallabhbhai Patel (d)
MaulanaAzad
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to
complete each sentence.
(i)
Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was also the .............. minister of newly
independent India.
(ii) Bhilai steel plant was set up with the help of the former .........
in 1959.
(iii) In 1966, the state of Punjab was divided into ............ and
.................
(iv) India’s population in 1947 was almost ............... million.
(v) Soon after Independence, India chose to grant ............... right to all
its citizens regardless of gender, class or education.
C.
State whether
each of the following statements is True or False.
(i)
The adivasis or the Scheduled Tribes were not granted reservation in seats and
jobs.
(ii) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar belonged to a Marathi-speaking dalit family.
(iii) Bridges and dams became the symbol of development in free India.
(iv) Dharavi in Gujarat is one of the world’s largest slums.
(v) Nehru and Patel wanted to divide the country on the basis of language.
D.
Very Short Answer Type
Questions
1.
When was the Indian Constitution adopted?
2.
Which step has been described as revolutionary?
3.
On what point did Nathuram Godse disagree with
Gandhiji?
4.
Name two subjects of the State List.
5.
Name two subjects of the Concurrent List.
6.
Who was Potti Sriramulu?
7.
When did the new state of Andhra Pradesh come
into existence?
8.
What were the points of focus of the Second Five
Year Plan?
9.
How was the Bhilai Steel Plant viewed?
10.
What was the basic objective of the foreign
policy of Independent India?
E.
Short Answer Type Questions
1.
What created problems in unifying the people of
India after it got independence?
2.
What was the label of development of India at the
time it got independence?
3.
What special privileges were offered for the
poorest and most disadvantaged Indians by the constitution?
4.
How have powers and functions of the Central and
State Governments been divided by the Constitution?
5.
Under what circumstances a compromise was made
with respect to language?
6.
Under what circumstances did the new state of
Andhra Pradesh come into being?
F.
Long Answer Type Questions
1.
Give a detailed description of the features of
the Indian Constitution.
2.
Write in brief the process of state formation.
3.
Give an account of the successes and failures of
the country during sixty-two years of its independence.
***********
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