Minerals
and Energy Resources
Choose the correct option:
1.
The Monazite sands in Kerala is rich
in
(a) thorium (b) uranium (c) platinum (d) all of the above
2.
Nagarcoil and Jaisalmer are well
known for effective use of
(a) solar energy (b) wind energy (c) atomic energy (d) tidal energy
3.
The pair of states which has most of
the petroleum deposits
(a) Rajasthan and Karnataka (b)
Assam and Gujarat
(c) Gujarat and Maharashtra (d)
Odisha and Goa
4.
One of the following is a non-metallic
mineral
(a) manganese (b) copper (c) coal (d) granite
5.
Aluminium is obtained from
(a) bauxite (b) limestone (c) copper (d) manganese
6.
Uranium and thorium used for
generating nuclear power are found in
(a) Godavari Basin (b)
Gulf of Cambay
(c) Manikarn in Himachal Pradesh (d) Aravalli
ranges of Rajasthan
7.
In which region of India tidal energy
is produced?
(a) Gulf of Kuchchh (b)
Puga Valley of Ladakh
(c) Gulf of Cambay (d)
Madhapur near Bhuj
8.
Tertiary coals occur in the
(a) North-western states (b)
Coastal states
(c) North-eastern states (d)
Southern states
9.
Mica is used in electric and
electronic industries because
(a) of its insulating properties and resistance to high voltage
(b) it is a good conductor of electricity
(c) of its great malleability
(d) of its sonorous nature
10.
Limestone is the basic raw material
of
(a) Paper industry (b)
Cement industry
(c) Sugar industry (d)
Textile industry
11.
The larger occurrences of minerals of
igneous and metamorphic rocks are called:
(a) Veins (b) Lodes (c) Beds (d) Layers
12.
In which one of the following states
the largest wind farm cluster is located?
(a) Gujarat (b) Kerala (c) Rajasthan (d) Tamil Nadu
13.
Which of the following is the oldest
oil producing state of India?
(a) Gujarat (b)
Madhya Pradesh
(c) Assam (d)
Andaman Nicobar island
14.
Which one of the following non-
conventional sources of energy is harnessed near Manikarn in Himachal Pradesh?
(a) Geothermal Energy (b)
Wind energy
(c) Solar energy (d)
None of the above
15.
In which of the following iron ore
belt Kudremukh mines are located?
(a) Orissa-Jharkhand belt
(b) Maharashtra-Goa belt
(c) Durg-Baster-Chandrapur belt
(d) Bellary-Chitradiga-Chikmaglur-Tumkur belt
16.
Which one of the following states, is
the largest producer of copper in India ?
(a) Orissa (b)
Karnataka
(c) Madhya Pradesh (d)
Gujarat
17.
Which one of the following is largely
derived from ocean water?
(a) Bauxite (b) Magnesium (c) Gold (d)
Mica
18.
The highest quality of hard coal is:
(a) Lignite (b) Bituminous (c) Peat (d)
Anthracite
19.
Which form of coal has a low carbon
and high moisture contents and low heating capacity?
(a) Peat (b) Lignite (c) Anthracite (d) Bituminous
20.
Which one of the following factors is
responsible for the sugar mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and
western states of India?
(a) Sugarcane is bulky raw material.
(b) The sucrose content reduces with distance.
(c) The cane produced has higher sucrose content.
(d) The cooperative are not successful.
21.
Which one of the following is not
true regarding the importance of manufacturing industries?
(a) They generate jobs in the secondary and tertiary sectors.
(b) Export of manufactured goods brings in foreign exchange.
(c) Manufacturing industries encourage trade and commerce.
(d) The economic strength of a country is measured in terms of the raw material
it possesses.
22.
Which one of the following minerals
is not obtained from the veins and lodes?
(a) Tin (b) Zinc (c) Lead (d) Gypsum
23.
Which one of the following
non-conventional sources of energy is harnessed in the Parvati Valley near
Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh
(a) Tidal Energy (b)
Geothermal Energy
(c) Wind Energy (d)
Solar Energy
24.
Which one of the following is an
essential feature of Mica?
(a) It is a metallic mineral made up of a series of plates
(b) It can be clear, black, green, red, yellow or brown.
(c) It is not used in electric and electronic industry.
(d) It cannot be easily split into thin sheets
25.
Which one of the following features
is not true about copper?
(a) India is deficient in the reserve and production of copper.
(b) It is reliable, ductile and a good conductor.
(c) It is a ferrous ore.
(d) It is mainly used in electrical
cables and electronic goods.
26.
Categorise the
following minerals into ferrous and non-ferrous:
27.
Categorise the
following minerals into metallic and non-metallic.
2016
Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark]
Question 1.
Why is there a wide range of colours, hardness, crystal forms, lustre and
density
found in minerals?
Answer:
A wide range of colours, hardness, crystal forms, lusture and density is found
in minerals because a particular mineral is formed from a certain combination
of elements and depends upon the physical and chemical conditions under which
the material forms.
Question 2.
How do minerals occur in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Answer:
In igneous and metamorphic rocks minerals occur in the cracks, crevices, faults
or joints. The smaller occurrences are called veins and the larger ones are
called lodes.
Question 3.
How do minerals occur in sedimentary rocks?
Answer:
In sedimentary rocks, minerals occur in beds or layers. They are deposited in
horizontal stratas.
Question 4.
Why should the use of cattle cake as fuel be discouraged?
Answer:
The use of cattle cake as fuel should be discouraged because huge loss of trees
will be there when we burn cattle cake and use it as source of fuel. It must be
consumed in biogas plants for its effective usage.
Question 5.
How are gobar gas plants beneficial to the farmers?
Answer:
Gobar gas plants are beneficial to the farmers because they provide energy and
improved quality of manure.
Question 6.
Why does aluminum metal have great importance?
Answer:
Aluminium metal has great importance because it combines the strength of metals
such as iron, with extreme lightness and also with good conductivity and great
malleability. It can be used as a substitute for steel.
Question 7.
How is iron ore transported from Kudremukh mines to a port near Mangalore?
Answer:
From Kudremukh mines to a port near Mangalore, the iron ore is transported as
slurry through a pipeline.
Question 8.
How does mining affect the health of miners?
Answer:
Mining produces dust and noxious fumes, which are inhaled by the miners. It
makes them vulnerable to pulmonary diseases.
Short Answer Type Questions [3 Marks]
Question 9.
‘Consumption of energy in all forms has been rising all over the country. There
is an urgent need to develop a sustainable path of energy development and
energy saving.’ Suggest and explain any three measures to solve this burning
problem.
Answer:
The following are the measures to solve this burning problem.
·
We should use public transport instead of personal vehicles as much
as possible.
·
We should switch off electricity when not in use.
·
We should switch to power-saving devices.
·
We should keep our power equipment well maintained.
·
Above all, use of non-conventional sources of energy would be of great help
in overcoming the problem.
Question 10.
‘There is a pressing need to use renewable energy resources.’ Justify the
statement with suitable arguments.
Answer:
The given statement can be justified by the following arguments.
·
Increased consumption of energy resources has increased our dependence on
fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas.
·
There are uncertainties about the energy supplies in future because
of their potential shortages.
·
Use of non-renewable sources have serious consequences on the growth
of national economy as they are getting expensive day by day.
·
Above all, non-renewable sources pose a great threat in the form of
pollution and other environmental issues.
·
Solar, wind, tide, biomass and energy from waste material can thus, be
proved advantageous in long run.
Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks]
Question 11.
Highlight the importance of petroleum.Explain the occurrence of petroleum in
India.
Answer:
The importance of petroleum is as follows:
·
It provides fuel for heating and lighting.
·
It provides lubricants for machinery and raw materials for many
manufacturing industries.
·
Petroleum refineries act as a ‘nodal industry’ for synthetic
textiles, fertiliser and chemical industries. (any two)
The occurrence of petroleum in India:
·
Most of the petroleum in India is found in anticlines and fault traps in
the rock formations of the tertiary age.
·
In regions of folding, anticlines or domes, it occurs where oil is
trapped in the crest of the upfold.
·
The oil-bearing layer is porous limestone or sandstone through which oil
may flow. The oil is prevented from sinking or rising by intervening non-porous
layers.
Question 12.
Explain the importance of conservation of minerals. Highlight any three
measures to conserve them.
Answer:
Minerals conservation is essential because:
·
Minerals are non-renewable or finite in nature.
·
The rate of formation of minerals is very slow in comparison to the rate of
consumption. The geological processes of mineral formation takes place over
millions of years.
·
They are valuable and short-lived possessions of a country. Continued
extraction leads to increasing costs as they are taken from greater depths
along with decrease in quality.
The following are the three methods of conserving minerals.
·
Minerals have to be used in a planned and sustainable manner.
·
Improved technologies should be evolved to make use of low grade ores at
low costs.
·
Recycling of metals, using scrap metals and other substitutes would
help in the conservation of minerals.
·
Using better mining methods will also help to reduce wastage.
Question 13.
‘Minerals are indispensable part of our lives.’ Support the statement with examples.
Answer:
Minerals are indispensable part of our lives. The statement can be supported
giving the following examples.
·
Almost everything we use, from a tiny pin to a towering building or a big
ship, all are made from minerals. The railways lines and the tarmac (paving) of
the roads, our implements and machinery too are made of minerals.
·
Cars, buses, trains, aeroplanes manufactured from minerals are run by
power resources derived from the earth.
·
Even the food we eat contains minerals. Although our minerals intake
represents only about 0.3% of our total intake of nutrients, they are so potent
and so important that without them we would not be able to utilise the other
99.7% of foodstuffs.
·
Human beings have used minerals for their livelihood, decoration,
festivities, religious and ceremonial sites. In short, all living things need
minerals. Life processes cannot occur without minerals.
·
Minerals like coal, petroleum, etc. are important sources of industrial and
domestic energy. It is because of these energy resources that the wheel of
development is moving.
2015
Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark]
Question 14.
Which rock consists of single mineral only?
Answer:
Limestone consists of single mineral.
Question 15.
How do minerals occur in sedimentary rocks?
Answer:
Minerals in sedimentary rocks occur in beds or layers. They are accumulated and
concentrated in horizontal strata, for example coal.
Question 16.
What are the two types of minerals according to occurrence in igneous and
metamorphic rocks?
Answer:
In igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals may occur in cracks, cervices,
faults or joints. The smaller occurrences are called veins while the larger are
called lodes.
Short Answer Type Questions [3 Marks]
Question 17.
How is the mining activity injurious to the health of the miners and
environment? Explain.
Answer:
Mining activity is injurious to the health of miners due to the following
reasons.
·
Inhalation of poisonous gases and dust make them vulnerable to
pulmonary diseases.
·
The risk of collapse of mine roofs may risk the life of miners.
·
Inundation and fires in coalmines are a constant threat to the miners.
The following points show how mining affects the environment.
·
It results in contamination of water.
·
Dumping of waste and slurry leads to degradation of land and soil.
·
It results in air and water pollution.
Question 18.
In the present day energy crisis, what steps will you like to take for saving
energy?
Answer:
We can save the energy by the following ways.
·
Switching off the electrical appliances when not in use
·
Use of energy efficient devices like CFC bulbs and appliances
·
Car pooling or use of public transport instead of private vehicles
·
Use of alternate sources of energy (non-conventional/renewable sources)
Question 19.
How can solar energy solve the energy problem to some extent in India? Give
your opinion.
Answer:
Solar energy can solve the energy problem in India to some extent in the
following ways:
·
India is a tropical country and it has enormous possibilities of
tapping solar energy.
·
It is the cleanest form of energy available free of cost.
·
It minimises dependence of rural households on firewood and dung
cakes.
Question 20.
Describe any three features of ferrous minerals found in India.
Answer:
Three features of ferrous minerals are as follows.
·
Ferrous minerals account for about three-fourths of the total value of the
production of metallic minerals.
·
They provide the base for the development of metallurgical industries.
·
India is rich in ferrous minerals and exports substantial quantities after
meeting the local demands.
Question 21.
How can biogas solve the energy problem mainly in rural India? Give your
suggestions.
Answer:
Biogas is produced from shrubs, farm waste, animal and human waste mainly for
domestic consumption in rural areas. It can solve the energy problem in
rural India in the following ways.
·
Decomposition of organic matter yields gas, which has higher thermal
. efficiency than kerosene, dung cake and charcoal.
·
It provides the farmers with energy and improved quality of manure.
·
It prevents the loss of trees and manure due to burning of fuel coal
and cowdung cakes.
Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks]
Question 22.
Why is conservation of mineral resources essential? Explain any three methods
to conserve them.
Answer:
Minerals conservation is essential because:
·
Minerals are non-renewable or finite in nature.
·
The rate of formation of minerals is very slow in comparison to the rate of
consumption. The geological processes of mineral formation takes place over
millions of years.
·
They are valuable and short-lived possessions of a country. Continued
extraction leads to increasing costs as they are taken from greater depths
along with decrease in quality.
The following are the three methods of conserving minerals.
·
Minerals have to be used in a planned and sustainable manner.
·
Improved technologies should be evolved to make use of low grade ores at
low costs.
·
Recycling of metals, using scrap metals and other substitutes would
help in the conservation of minerals.
·
Using better mining methods will also help to reduce wastage.
Question 23.
Why is energy needed? How can we conserve energy resources? Explain.
Answer:
Energy is needed for economic development.
·
It is required for cooking.
·
It is required to provide heat and light.
·
It is used for running the machines in industries.
·
It is used to propel the vehicles.
·
It is essential for the development of agriculture, industry, transport for
commercial and domestic purposes
We can save the energy by the following ways.
·
Switching off the electrical appliances when not in use
·
Use of energy efficient devices like CFC bulbs and appliances
·
Car pooling or use of public transport instead of private vehicles
·
Use of alternate sources of energy (non-conventional/renewable sources)
Question 24.
Which is the most abundantly available fossil fuel in India? Assess the
importance of its different forms.
Answer:
The most abundantly available fossil fuel in India is coal. Coal is used as a
domestic
fuel for generation of thermal power and to supply energy to industries.
The following points show the importance of different types of coal.
·
Lignite: It is a low-grade brown coal, which is soft and has a high moisture
content. It is used for generation of electricity.
·
Bituminous: The most popular variety of commercial and metallurgical coal is
bituminous. It is formed due to high temperature deep in the interior. It has a
special value in smelting of iron in blast furnaces.
·
Anthracite: The highest quality of hard coal is known as Anthracite. It has the
highest content of carbon and is mainly used for power generation in
metallurgy.
2014
Short Answer Type Questions [3 Marks]
Question 25.
Why is energy required for all activities? How can energy be generated?
Answer:
Energy is required for all our activities. It is needed to cook, to provide
heat and light, to propel vehicles, and to drive machinery.
Energy can be generated from conventional and non-conventional sources.
Conventional resources include fire wood, cattle dung cake, fuel minerals like
coal, petroleum etc. Non-conventional resources include solar, wind, tidal,
atomic energy, etc.
Question 26.
What are the two main ways of generating electricity? How are they different
from each other? Explain.
Answer:
Electricity is generated:
·
by running water which drives hydro turbines to generate hydro
electricity.
·
by burning fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas to drive turbines
to produce thermal power.
They are different from each other in the sense that hydroelectricity is
generated by water, which is a renewable source, whereas thermal electricity is
generated using non-renewable fossil fuels.
Question 27.
Name the non-metallic mineral which can split easily into thin sheets. Mention
its uses.
Answer:
Mica can easily split into thin sheets. It has excellent di-electric strength,
low- power loss factor, insulating properties and resistance to high voltage.
The following are the uses of mica.
·
It is used in electronics and electric industries as insulators.
·
It is used in paints.
·
It is used in toothpaste and cosmetics to give them shiny appearance.
Question 28.
Classify energy resources into two categories. Give two examples of each
category.
Answer:
Energy resources can be classified into the following categories.
(a) Conventional sources—firewood, coal and petroleum
(b) Non-conventional sources—Solar energy, wind power and tidal energy
Question 29.
29. Which is the most abundantly available fossil fuel in India? Mention its
different forms.
Answer:
The most abundantly available fossil fuel in India is coal. Coal is used as a
domestic
fuel for generation of thermal power and to supply energy to industries.
The following points show the importance of different types of coal.
·
Lignite: It is a low-grade brown coal, which is soft and has a high moisture
content. It is used for generation of electricity.
·
Bituminous: The most popular variety of commercial and metallurgical coal is
bituminous. It is formed due to high temperature deep in the interior. It has a
special value in smelting of iron in blast furnaces.
·
Anthracite: The highest quality of hard coal is known as Anthracite. It has the
highest content of carbon and is mainly used for power generation in metallurgy.
Question 30.
Explain any three factors affecting the economic viability of a reserve of
minerals.
Answer:
Factors affecting the economic viability of a reserve of mineral are:
·
concentration
of mineral in an ore.
·
how easily can the mineral be extracted.
·
closeness to the market.
Question 31.
Explain any three values which inspire us to conserve our energy resources.
Answer:
Three values which inspire us to conserve our energy resources are as
follows:
·
Consciousness towards environment and its protection is required. Excess
and careless use of resources will degrade the environment. Use of renewable
power resources will address global issues of pollution.
·
We should adopt a responsible attitude towards the use of power resources
as they are in limited quantity. Wise use of these resources can be the only
remedy.
·
We have to be accountable towards future generation. We should adopt
sustainable development so as to preserve the resources for use by our
generations to come.
Question 32.
Why is solar energy fast becoming popular in rural and remote areas of India?
Explain.
Answer:
Solar energy is fast becoming popular in rural and remote areas of India
because of the following reasons.
·
It is one of the best forms of non-conventional sources of energy.
·
It is not very expensive to install photovoltaic technology which
converts solar light into solar energy.
·
Tapping solar energy will reduce the dependence of dung cakes and will
provide adequate manure for agriculture.
Long AnswerType Questions [5 Marks]
Question 33.
Why is conservation of minerals essential? Explain any four measures to
conserve minerals
Answer:
Minerals conservation is essential because:
·
Minerals are non-renewable or finite in nature.
·
The rate of formation of minerals is very slow in comparison to the rate of
consumption. The geological processes of mineral formation takes place over
millions of years.
·
hey are valuable and short-lived possessions of a country. Continued
extraction leads to increasing costs as they are taken from greater depths
along with decrease in quality.
The following are the three methods of conserving minerals.
·
Minerals have to be used in a planned and sustainable manner.
·
Improved technologies should be evolved to make use of low grade ores
at low costs.
·
Recycling of metals, using scrap metals and other substitutes would help in
the conservation of minerals.
·
Using better mining methods will also help to reduce wastage
Question 34.
Why is there a pressing need for using renewable energy resources in India?
Explain any five reasons.
Answer:
The given statement can be justified by the following arguments.
·
Increased consumption of energy resources has increased our dependence on
fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas.
·
There are uncertainties about the energy supplies in future because of
their potential shortages.
·
Use of non-renewable sources have serious consequences on the growth of
national economy as they are getting expensive day by day.
·
Above all, non-renewable sources pose a great threat in the form of
pollution and other environmental issues.
·
Solar, wind, tide, biomass and energy from waste material can thus, be
proved advantageous in long run.
Question 35.
Differentiate between metallic and non-metallic minerals with examples
Answer:
The difference between metallic and non-metallic minerals are:
Question 36.
Which state is the largest producer of manganese in India? Mention any four
uses of manganese.
Answer:
Odisha is the largest producer of manganese in India.
Four uses of manganese are as follows:
·
Manganese is used in manufacture of steel and ferro-manganese alloy.
·
It is used in manufacturing bleaching powder.
·
It is a raw material in manufacturing insecticides.
·
It is also used in making paints.
Question 37.
Differentiate between ferrous and non-ferrous minerals with examples.
Answer:
The differentiate between ferrous and non-ferrous minerals are:
Question 38.
Differentiate between conventional and non-conventional sources of energy with
examples.
Answer:
Question 39.
‘Minerals are unevenly distributed in India.’ Explain with three examples.
Answer:
Minerals are unevenly distributed in India. This can be explained by giving
the following examples.
·
Peninsular rocks contain most of the reserves of coal, metallic minerals,
mica and other non-metallic minerals.
·
Sedimentary rocks on the western and eastern sides of the peninsula in
Gujarat and Assam have rich petroleum deposits.
·
Rajasthan, together with the peninsular region, has reserves of
non-ferrous minerals.
Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks]
Question 40.
Why is it necessary to conserve mineral resources? Suggest any four ways to
conserve mineral resources.
Answer:
Minerals conservation is essential because:
·
Minerals are non-renewable or finite in nature.
·
The rate of formation of minerals is very slow in comparison to the rate of
consumption. The geological processes of mineral formation takes place over
millions of years.
·
They are valuable and short-lived possessions of a country. Continued
extraction leads to increasing costs as they are taken from greater depths
along with decrease in quality.
The following are the three methods of conserving minerals.
·
Minerals have to be used in a planned and sustainable manner.
·
Improved technologies should be evolved to make use of low grade ores
at low costs.
·
Recycling of metals, using scrap metals and other substitutes would help in
the conservation of minerals.
·
Using better mining methods will also help to reduce wastage
Question 41.
Why is there a pressing need to use renewable energy resources in India?
Explain any five reasons.
Answer:
The given statement can be justified by the following arguments.
·
Increased consumption of energy resources has increased our dependence on
fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas.
·
There are uncertainties about the energy supplies in future because of
their potential shortages.
·
Use of non-renewable sources have serious consequences on the growth of
national economy as they are getting expensive day by day.
·
Above all, non-renewable sources pose a great threat in the form of
pollution and other environmental issues.
·
Solar, wind, tide, biomass and energy from waste material can thus, be
proved advantageous in long run.
Question 42.
How is energy a basic requirement for the economic development of the country?
Explain with examples.
Answer:
Energy is a basic requirement for the economic development of a country in the
following ways.
·
Every sector of the national economy—agriculture, industry, transport,
commercial and domestic—needs inputs of energy.
·
The economic development plans implemented since independence require
increasing amounts of energy to remain operational.
·
Energy is used for all activities. To provide light and heat, to propel
vehicles and drive machinery in industries.
·
For example, coal provides a large percentage of energy for country’s
economic needs, supply energy to industries as well as for domestic use.
·
Also, natural gas is an important clean energy resource found in
association with petroleum. It is used as a source of energy as an industrial raw
material in petro-chemical industry.
2012
Short Answer Type Questions [3 Marks]
Question 43.
Mention any three major iron-ore belts in India. Write any three
characteristics of the southermost iron-ore belt.
Answer:
The three major iron-ore belts in India are:
·
Orissa-Jharkhand belt.
·
Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur belt
·
Ballari-Chitradurga-Chikkamagaluru-Tumakuru belt
·
Maharashtra-Goa belt
The three characteristics of the southern-most belt, Ballari-Chitradurga-
Chikkamagaluru-Tumakuru belt, are as follows.
·
It has large reserves of iron ore.
·
The Khudremukh mines, located in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, are a
hundred per cent export unit.
·
Khudremukh deposits are one of the largest mines in the world.
Question 44.
What is the use of manganese? Name the largest manganse-ore producing state in
India.
Answer:
Odisha is the largest producer of manganese in India.
Four uses of manganese are as follows:
·
Manganese is used in manufacture of steel and ferro-manganese alloy.
·
It is used in manufacturing bleaching powder.
·
It is a raw material in manufacturing insecticides.
·
It is also used in making paints.
Question 45.
Classify energy resources into two categories. Give two examples of each.
Answer:
Energy resources can be classified into the following categories.
(a) Conventional sources—firewood, coal and petroleum
(b) Non-conventional sources—Solar energy, wind power and tidal energy
Question 46.
46. How is solar energy becoming popular in rural and remote areas of India?
Explain.
Answer:
Solar energy is becoming popular in rural and remote areas of India because
of the following reasons:
·
It has reduced the dependence of rural households on firewood and
dung cakes.
·
It has been able to reduce environment pollution to a great extent.
·
Dung cakes used earlier are now utilised for increasing fertility of the
soil.
·
Being abundant in nature it is available all through the year.
·
Moreover tapping of solar energy is not expensive and thus is preferred by
all.
·
It can be stored and used later.
Question 47.
‘We have to adopt a cautious approach for the judicious use of our limited
energy resources.’ Support the statement with three examples.
Answer:
We have to adopt a cautious approach for the judicious use of our limited
energy resources because of the following reasons.
·
They are non-renewable, once consumed we will not be able to get them back.
·
Energy is required for all our activities—to cook, to provide light and
heat, to drive vehicles and machinery, so, it should be used judiciously.
·
Keeping in mind the needs of our future generation, we have to adopt the
policy of sustainable development.
Long Answer Type Question [4/5 Mark]
Question 48.
Why is conservation of mineral resources essential? Explain any three methods
of conserving mineral resources.
Answer:
Minerals conservation is essential because:
·
Minerals are non-renewable or finite in nature.
·
The rate of formation of minerals is very slow in comparison to the rate of
consumption. The geological processes of mineral formation takes place over
millions of years.
·
They are valuable and short-lived possessions of a country. Continued
extraction leads to increasing costs as they are taken from greater depths
along with decrease in quality.
The following are the three methods of conserving minerals.
·
Minerals have to be used in a planned and sustainable manner.
·
Improved technologies should be evolved to make use of low grade ores at
low costs.
·
Recycling of metals, using scrap metals and other substitutes would
help in the conservation of minerals.
·
Using better mining methods will also help to reduce wastage
2011
Short Answer Type Questions [3 Marks]
Question 49.
How is energy an indispensible requirement of our modern life? Explain with
three examples.
Answer:
Energy is an indispensible requirement of our modern life. The following
points explain the statement.
·
Energy is needed for all activities like to provide heat and light,
to drive machinery and to cook.
·
Every sector of the national economy like agriculture, industry, transport,
communication, etc. requires energy to operate.
·
ll the developmental plans require energy to remain operational. With the
time, consumption of energy has been on steady rise, which again makes it a
necessary requirement for our day-to-day life.
Question 50.
Mention any three characteristics of ferrous group of minerals found in India.
Answer:
Three features of ferrous minerals are as follows.
·
Ferrous minerals account for about three-fourths of the total value of the
production of metallic minerals.
·
They provide the base for the development of metallurgical industries.
·
ndia is rich in ferrous minerals and exports substantial quantities after
meeting the local demands.
Question 51.
Why is there a pressing need to use non-conventional sources of energy in
India? Explain any three reasons.
Answer:
The given statement can be justified by the following arguments.
·
Increased consumption of energy resources has increased our dependence on
fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas.
·
There are uncertainties about the energy supplies in future because of
their potential shortages.
·
Use of non-renewable sources have serious consequences on the growth of
national economy as they are getting expensive day by day.
·
Above all, non-renewable sources pose a great threat in the form of
pollution and other environmental issues.
·
Solar, wind, tide, biomass and energy from waste material can thus, be
proved advantageous in long run.
Question 52.
Make a distinction between hydroelectrkity and thermal electricity stating
three points of distinction.
Answer:
Hydroelectricity and thermal electricity differ from each other in the
following ways.
Question 53.
Explain
the use of petroleum as an energy resource and as an industrial raw material.
Answer:
Petroleum is a major source of energy next to the coal in India.
The use of petroleum as an energy resource:
·
It provides fuel for lighting and heating.
·
It also provides lubricants for machinery to reduce friction.
The use of petroleum as an industrial raw material:
·
It provides raw material for petro-chemical industries and a large numbers
of manufacturing industries.
·
Petroleum refineries act as a nodal industry for synthetic textiles,
fertilisers and chemical industries.
Question 54.
Explain any three steps to be taken to conserve the energy resources.
Answer:
Energy is needed for economic development.
·
It is required for cooking.
·
It is required to provide heat and light.
·
It is used for running the machines in industries.
·
It is used to propel the vehicles.
·
It is essential for the development of agriculture, industry,
transport for commercial and domestic purposes
Question 55.
‘Solar energy is expected to play an important role in India.’ Give three
arguments in support of the statement.
Answer:
Solar energy is expected to play an important role in India because of the
following reasons:
·
India being a tropical country gets sufficient amount of sunlight
throughout the year.
·
It has enormous possibilities of tapping solar energy and converting
it directly into electricity.
·
It can reduce the dependence on fossil fuels for energy consumption.
·
Its set up is low cost and it can provide sufficient amount of energy for
daily needs of people in India.
Question 56.
Explain any three methods of conservation of mineral resources in India.
Answer:
Minerals conservation is essential because:
·
Minerals are non-renewable or finite in nature.
·
The rate of formation of minerals is very slow in comparison to the
rate of consumption. The geological processes of mineral formation takes place
over millions of years.
·
They are valuable and short-lived possessions of a country. Continued
extraction leads to increasing costs as they are taken from greater depths
along with decrease in quality.
The following are the three methods of conserving minerals.
·
Minerals have to be used in a planned and sustainable manner.
·
Improved technologies should be evolved to make use of low grade ores at
low costs.
·
Recycling of metals, using scrap metals and other substitutes would help in
the conservation of minerals.
·
Using better mining methods will also help to reduce wasta
Question 57.
Why is coal called the most important source of energy even today in India?
Explain giving three reasons.
Answer:
Coal is called the most important source of energy even today in India
because:
·
India has abundant reserves of coal which meets a greater part of our
energy requirements.
·
It is used for generation of electricity in thermal power plants.
·
It is used as energy resources both for domestic and industrial
purposes.
2010
Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark]
Question 58.
What are placer deposits?
Answer:
Certain mineral deposits that occur in sands of valley floors and the base of
the hills as alluvial deposits are called placer deposits.
Question 59.
Which state of India is the largest producer of Bauxite?
Answer:
Odisha is the largest producer of Bauxite in India.
Question 60.
Name the most abundantly available fossil fuel in India.
Answer:
Coal is the most abundantly available fossil fuel in India.
Question 61.
Which is the highest petroleum-producing area in India?
Answer:
Mumbai High is the highest petroleum-producing area in India.
Question 62.
Name the gulf that provides ideal conditions for utilising tidal energy in
India.
Answer:
Gulf of Khambhat and Gulf of Kuchchh in Gujarat provide ideal conditions for
utilising tidal energy in India.
Long Answer Type Question [4/5 Marks]
Question 63.
‘Minerals are an indispensible part of our lives.’ Support this statement with
suitable examples.
Answer:
Minerals are indispensable part of our lives. The statement can be supported
giving the following examples.
·
Almost everything we use, from a tiny pin to a towering building or a big
ship, all are made from minerals. The railways lines and the tarmac (paving) of
the roads, our implements and machinery too are made of minerals.
·
Cars, buses, trains, aeroplanes manufactured from minerals are run by
power resources derived from the earth.
·
Even the food we eat contains minerals. Although our minerals intake
represents only about 0.3% of our total intake of nutrients, they are so potent
and so important that without them we would not be able to utilise the other
99.7% of foodstuffs.
·
Human beings have used minerals for their livelihood, decoration,
festivities, religious and ceremonial sites. In short, all living things need
minerals. Life processes cannot occur without minerals.
·
Minerals like coal, petroleum, etc. are important sources of industrial and
domestic energy. It is because of these energy resources that the wheel of
development is moving.
MAP QUESTIONS
Question 64.
64. On the given outline map of India locate and label the following with
appropriate symbols.
(i) Ankaleshwar—Oil Fields
(ii) Digboi—Oil Fields
(iii) Kalpakkam—Nuclear power plant
(iv) Namrup—Thermal power plant
(v) Narora—Nuclear power plant
(vi) Rawat Bhata—Nuclear power plant
(vii) Kaiga nuclear plant
(viii) Kakrapara—Nuclear power plant
(ix) Uran—Thermal power station
Answer:
Question 65.
65. Some features are marked on the given political outline map of India.
Identify them with the help of the following information and write their
correct names on the lines marked in the map.
(i) Iron ore mine
(ii) Coal mine
(iii) Coal mine
(iv) Coal Mine
(v) Iron ore or mine
(vi) Oil Field
(vii) Mica Mine
(viii) Mica Mine
(ix) Coal mine
(x) Coal Mine
(xi) Iron or Mine
Answer:
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