CHAPTER 1. ENVIRONMENT
•
Environment is our basic life support
system. It provides the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat and
the land where we live.
Components
of Environment:
Natural - Human
Made - Human
Natural: Land, water, air, plants and
animals comprise the natural environment.
Lithosphere
· It
is the solid crust or the hard top layer of the earth.
•
It is made up of rocks and minerals and
covered by a thin layer of soil.
•
It is an irregular surface with various
landforms such as mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys, etc.
•
Landforms are found over the continents and
also on the ocean floors.
•
Lithosphere is the domain that provides us
forests, grasslands for grazing, land for agriculture and human settlements.
•
It is also a source of mineral wealth
Hydrosphere
· Hydrosphere
is the domain of water
•
It comprises various sources of water and
different types of water bodies like rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, etc.
•
It is essential for all living organisms.
•
Biotic The world of living organisms. e.g.
plants and animals.
•
Abiotic The world of non-living elements.
e.g. land.
Atmosphere
· It
is the thin layer of air that surrounds the earth.
•
The gravitational force of the earth holds
the atmosphere around it.
•
It protects us from the harmful rays and
scorching heat of the sun.
•
It consists of a number of gases, dust and
water vapour.
•
The changes in the atmosphere produce
changes in the weather and climate.
Biosphere
· Plant
and animal kingdom together make biosphere or the living world.
•
It is a narrow zone of the earth where
land, water and air interact with each other to support life.
Understanding Ecosystem:
•
It is a system formed by the interaction of
all living organisms with each other and with the physical and chemical factors
of the environment in which they live, all linked by transfer of energy and material.
•
All plants, animals and human beings depend
on their immediate surroundings.
•
Often they are also interdependent on each
other.
•
This relation between the living organisms,
as well as the relation between the organisms and their surroundings form an
ecosystem.
HUMAN ENVIRONMENT:
•
Human beings interact with the environment
and modify it according to their need.
•
With time needs grew and became more
varied.
•
Humans learn new ways to use and change
environment.
•
They learn to grow crops, domesticate
animals and lead a settled life.
•
Industrial revolution enabled large scale
production. Transportation became faster.
•
Information revolution made communication
easier and speedy across the world.
……….The
end………
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